可可黄烷醇与运动对超重和肥胖受试者心血管代谢危险因素的影响。

Effect of cocoa flavanols and exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese subjects.

作者信息

Davison K, Coates A M, Buckley J D, Howe P R C

机构信息

School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

出版信息

Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 Aug;32(8):1289-96. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.66. Epub 2008 May 27.

DOI:10.1038/ijo.2008.66

PMID:18504447

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Impaired endothelial function in obesity may reduce blood flow to sites of metabolism, contributing to impaired fat oxidation and insulin resistance. This study investigated the effects of cocoa flavanols and regular exercise, interventions known to improve endothelial function, on cardiometabolic function and body composition in obese individuals.

DESIGN

Overweight and obese adults were randomly assigned to high-flavanol cocoa (HF, 902 mg flavanols), HF and exercise, low-flavanol cocoa (LF, 36 mg flavanols), or LF and exercise for 12 weeks (exercise duration was 3 x 45 min per week at 75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate). Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 0 and 12 weeks. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), supine blood pressure (BP) and fasting plasma insulin, and glucose levels were assessed at 0, 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. Insulin sensitivity/resistance was determined using the modified homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2).

RESULTS

A total of 49 subjects (M=18; F=31) completed the intervention. Baseline averages were as follows: body mass index=33.5 kg/m(2); BP=123/76 mm Hg; HOMA2=2.4; FMD=4.3%; rate of fat oxidation during exercise=0.34 g min(-1); abdominal fat=45.7% of total abdominal mass. Compared to LF, HF increased FMD acutely (2 h post-dose) by 2.4% (P<0.01) and chronically (over 12 weeks; P<0.01) by 1.6% and reduced insulin resistance by 0.31% (P<0.05), diastolic BP by 1.6 mm Hg and mean arterial BP by 1.2 mm Hg (P<0.05), independent of exercise. Regular exercise increased fat oxidation during exercise by 0.10 g min(-1) (P<0.01) and reduced abdominal fat by 0.92% (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

Although HF consumption was shown to improve endothelial function, it did not enhance the effects of exercise on body fat and fat metabolism in obese subjects. However, it may be useful for reducing cardiometabolic risk factors in this population.

摘要

目的

肥胖人群的内皮功能受损可能会减少代谢部位的血流量，导致脂肪氧化受损和胰岛素抵抗。本研究调查了可可黄烷醇和规律运动（已知可改善内皮功能的干预措施）对肥胖个体心脏代谢功能和身体成分的影响。

设计

超重和肥胖成年人被随机分配至高黄烷醇可可组（HF，902毫克黄烷醇）、HF加运动组、低黄烷醇可可组（LF，36毫克黄烷醇）或LF加运动组，为期12周（运动时长为每周3次，每次45分钟，运动强度为年龄预测最大心率的75%）。在第0周和第12周通过双能X线吸收法评估身体成分。分别在第0周、第6周和第12周评估肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能（FMD）、仰卧位血压（BP）、空腹血浆胰岛素和血糖水平。使用改良的胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估法（HOMA2）确定胰岛素敏感性/抵抗性。

结果

共有49名受试者（男性18名；女性31名）完成了干预。基线平均值如下：体重指数=33.5千克/平方米；血压=123/76毫米汞柱；HOMA2=2.4；FMD=4.3%；运动期间脂肪氧化率=0.34克/分钟；腹部脂肪占腹部总质量的45.7%。与LF组相比，HF组急性（给药后2小时）使FMD增加2.4%（P<0.01），慢性（12周期间；P<0.01）使FMD增加1.6%，并使胰岛素抵抗降低0.31%（P<0.05），舒张压降低1.6毫米汞柱，平均动脉压降低1.2毫米汞柱（P<0.05），且与运动无关。规律运动使运动期间的脂肪氧化增加0.10克/分钟（P<0.01），腹部脂肪减少0.92%（P<0.05）。