Hays Michael D, Beck Lee, Barfield Pamela, Lavrich Richard J, Dong Yuanji, Vander Wal Randy L
National Risk Management Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2008 Apr 1;42(7):2496-502. doi: 10.1021/es071598e.
The toxicity of emissions from the combustion of home heating oil coupled with the regional proximity and seasonal use of residential oil boilers (ROB) is an important public health concern. Yet scant physical and chemical information about the emissions from this source is available for climate and air quality modeling and for improving our understanding of aerosol-related human health effects. The gas- and particle-phase emissions from an active ROB firing distillate fuel oil (commonly known as diesel fuel) were evaluated to address this deficiency. Ion chromatography of impactor samples showed that the ultrafine ROB aerosol emissions were approximately 45% (w/w) sulfate. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected various n-alkanes at trace levels, sometimes in accumulation mode particles, and out of phase with the size distributions of aerosol mass and sulfate. The carbonaceous matter in the ROB aerosol was primarily light-adsorbing elemental carbon. Gas chromatography-atomic emission spectroscopy measured a previously unrecognized organosulfur compound group in the ROB aerosol emissions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of ROB soot indicated the presence of a highly ordered primary particle nanostructure embedded in larger aggregates. Organic gas emissions were measured using EPA Methods TO-15 and TO-11A. The ROB emitted volatile oxygenates (8 mg/(kg of oil burned)) and olefins (5 mg/(kg of oil burned)) mostly unrelated to the base fuel composition. In the final analysis, the ROB tested was a source of numerous hazardous air pollutants as defined in the Clean Air Act Amendments. Approximations conducted using emissions data from the ROB tests show relatively low contributions to a regional-level anthropogenic emissions inventory for volitile organic compounds, PM2.5, and SO2 mass.
家用取暖油燃烧排放物的毒性，加上住宅燃油锅炉（ROB）在区域上的接近性和季节性使用，是一个重要的公共卫生问题。然而，关于该来源排放物的物理和化学信息很少，无法用于气候和空气质量建模，也无法增进我们对气溶胶相关人类健康影响的理解。为了解决这一不足，对一台燃烧馏分燃料油（通常称为柴油）的在用ROB的气相和颗粒相排放物进行了评估。撞击器样品的离子色谱分析表明，ROB超细气溶胶排放物中约45%（重量/重量）为硫酸盐。气相色谱 - 质谱法在痕量水平检测到各种正构烷烃，有时存在于累积模式颗粒中，且与气溶胶质量和硫酸盐的粒径分布不同步。ROB气溶胶中的碳质物质主要是光吸收性元素碳。气相色谱 - 原子发射光谱法测量了ROB气溶胶排放物中一个以前未被识别的有机硫化合物组。ROB烟灰的高分辨率透射电子显微镜显示，在较大聚集体中存在高度有序的初级颗粒纳米结构。使用美国环保署方法TO - 15和TO - 11A测量有机气体排放物。ROB排放的挥发性含氧化合物（8毫克/（燃烧的油千克数））和烯烃（5毫克/（燃烧的油千克数））大多与基础燃料成分无关。归根结底，所测试的ROB是《清洁空气法修正案》中定义的众多有害空气污染物的来源。使用ROB测试排放数据进行的估算表明，其对挥发性有机化合物､细颗粒物和二氧化硫质量的区域级人为排放清单的贡献相对较低。
