Okunieff Paul, Chen Yuhchyau, Maguire David J, Huser Amy K
Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 647, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2008 Sep;27(3):363-74. doi: 10.1007/s10555-008-9138-7.
Over the past five decades, those interested in markers of radiation effect have focused primarily on tumor response. More recently, however, the view has broadened to include irradiated normal tissues-markers that predict unusual risk of side-effects, prognosticate during the prodromal and therapeutic phases, diagnose a particular toxicity as radiation-related, and, in the case of bioterror, allow for tissue-specific biodosimetry. Currently, there are few clinically useful radiation-related biomarkers. Notably, levels of some hormones such as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) have been used successfully as markers of dysfunction, indicative of the need for replacement therapy, and for prevention of cancers. The most promising macromolecular markers are cytokines: TGFbeta, IL-1, IL-6, and TNFalpha being lead molecules in this class as both markers and targets for therapy. Genomics and proteomics are still in nascent stages and are actively being studied and developed.
在过去的五十年里，关注辐射效应标志物的人主要聚焦于肿瘤反应。然而，最近视野已经拓宽，将受照射的正常组织标志物纳入其中，这些标志物可预测副作用的异常风险、在前驱期和治疗期进行预后评估、诊断特定毒性为辐射相关，并且在生物恐怖袭击的情况下，实现组织特异性生物剂量测定。目前，临床上有用的辐射相关生物标志物很少。值得注意的是，一些激素水平，如促甲状腺激素（TSH），已成功用作功能障碍的标志物，表明需要替代疗法以及预防癌症。最有前景的大分子标志物是细胞因子：转化生长因子β（TGFβ）、白细胞介素-1（IL-1）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNFα）是这一类中的主要分子，既是标志物又是治疗靶点。基因组学和蛋白质组学仍处于起步阶段，正在积极研究和开发中。
