Padilla Mark B
Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory, Room #M3820, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Arch Sex Behav. 2008 Oct;37(5):783-93. doi: 10.1007/s10508-008-9358-5.
While theories of "structure" and social inequality have increasingly informed global health efforts for HIV prevention--with growing recognition of the linkages between large-scale political and economic factors in the distribution and impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic--there is still little theorization of precisely how structural factors shape the very bodies and sexualities of specific populations and groups. In order to extend the theoretical understanding of these macro-micro linkages, this article examines how the growth of the tourism industry in the Dominican Republic has produced sexual practices and identities that reflect both the influence of large-scale structural processes and the resistant responses of local individuals. Drawing on social science theories of political economy, embodiment, and authenticity, I argue that an understanding of patterns of sexuality and HIV risk in the region requires analysis of how political-economic transformations related to tourism intersect with the individual experiences and practices of sexuality on the ground. The analysis draws on long-term ethnographic research with bisexually behaving male sex workers in two cities in the Dominican Republic, including participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus groups, and surveys. By examining the global and local values placed on these men's bodies and the ways sex workers use their bodies to broker tourists' pleasure, we may better understand how the large-scale structures of the tourism industry are linked to the specific meanings and practices of sexuality.
虽然“结构”理论和社会不平等现象越来越多地为全球预防艾滋病的健康工作提供指导——人们越来越认识到大规模政治和经济因素在艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行的传播和影响方面的联系——但对于结构因素究竟如何塑造特定人群和群体的身体及性取向，仍鲜有理论阐述。为了扩展对这些宏观与微观联系的理论理解，本文考察了多米尼加共和国旅游业的发展如何产生了既反映大规模结构过程的影响又体现当地个体抵抗反应的性行为和身份认同。借鉴政治经济学、身体体现和本真性的社会科学理论，我认为要理解该地区的性取向模式和艾滋病毒风险，需要分析与旅游业相关的政治经济转型如何与当地的个体性经验和性行为相互交织。该分析基于对多米尼加共和国两个城市中双性恋男性性工作者的长期人种志研究，包括参与观察、深度访谈、焦点小组讨论和调查。通过考察赋予这些男性身体以价值的全球和地方观念，以及性工作者利用自己身体促成游客愉悦体验的方式，我们或许能更好地理解旅游业的大规模结构如何与性取向的特定意义和实践相联系。
