Bianchi Fernanda T, Reisen Carol A, Zea Maria Cecilia, Vidal-Ortiz Salvador, Gonzales Felisa A, Betancourt Fabián, Aguilar Marcela, Poppen Paul J
Global Women's Institute, The George Washington University, 714 21st Street NW, 2nd Floor, Washington, DC, 20052, USA,
Arch Sex Behav. 2014 Nov;43(8):1637-50. doi: 10.1007/s10508-014-0260-z. Epub 2014 Jan 24.
This qualitative study examined sex work among internally displaced male and transgender female sex workers in Bogotá, Colombia. Internal displacement has occurred in Colombia as a result of decades of conflict among armed groups and has created large-scale migration from rural to urban areas. Informed by the polymorphous model of sex work, which posits that contextual conditions shape the experience of sex work, we examined three main research questions. The first dealt with how internal displacement was related to the initiation of sex work; the second concerned the effect of agency on sex worker satisfaction; and the third examined how sex work in this context was related to HIV and other risks. Life history interviews were conducted with 26 displaced individuals who had done sex work: 14 were men who have sex with men and 12 were transgender women (natal males). Findings revealed that many participants began doing sex work in the period immediately after displacement, because of a lack of money, housing, and social support. HIV risk was greater during this time due to limited knowledge of HIV and inexperience negotiating safer sex with clients. Other findings indicated that sex workers who exerted more control and choice in the circumstances of their work reported greater satisfaction. In addition, we found that although many sex workers insisted on condom use with clients, several noted that they would sometimes have unprotected sex for additional money. Specific characteristics affecting the experience of sex work among the transgender women were also discussed.
这项定性研究调查了哥伦比亚波哥大境内流离失所的男性性工作者和跨性别女性性工作者的性工作情况。由于武装组织之间长达数十年的冲突，哥伦比亚出现了境内流离失所的情况，并导致了大规模的从农村到城市地区的人口迁移。基于性工作的多态模型（该模型认为背景条件塑造了性工作的体验），我们研究了三个主要研究问题。第一个问题涉及境内流离失所与性工作开始之间的关系；第二个问题关注能动性对性工作者满意度的影响；第三个问题考察了这种背景下的性工作与艾滋病毒及其他风险之间的关系。我们对26名从事过性工作的流离失所者进行了生活史访谈：其中14名是男男性行为者，12名是跨性别女性（生理男性）。研究结果显示，许多参与者在流离失所后的 immediately 时期就开始从事性工作，原因是缺钱、缺住房和社会支持。由于对艾滋病毒的了解有限以及与客户协商安全性行为的经验不足，在此期间感染艾滋病毒的风险更大。其他研究结果表明，在工作环境中拥有更多控制权和选择权的性工作者报告的满意度更高。此外，我们发现，尽管许多性工作者坚持与客户使用避孕套，但有几个人指出，他们有时会为了额外的钱而进行无保护性行为。还讨论了影响跨性别女性性工作体验的具体特征。 （注：原文中“immediately”翻译为“立即、马上”，这里结合语境意译为“紧接着”更合适；“natal males”直译为“出生时的男性”，意译为“生理男性”更符合中文表达习惯。）
