Jones Philippe, Reychler Hervé, Engels Hilde, Wambersie André
Ecole de Médecine Dentaire et de Stomatologie, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles.
Rev Belge Med Dent (1984). 2007;62(1):4-24.
This paper evaluates the doses delivered to the patient during several radiological procedures in dentistry: intraoral, panoramic and cephalometric radiography. Different digital techniques now available are compared to the AgBr film and film-screen technique. Absorbed doses at different organs are derived from measurements on dental radiological phantoms. The largest dose reductions are observed for intraoral radiography (31-84%). Significant dose reductions are also found for panoramic and cephalometric radiography (25-70% and 30-60%, respectively). By optimizing the exposure parameters and according to the ALARA principle, the smallest doses should be delivered to the patient that are needed to achieve the required quality of the images. Independently on the technique, the beam size should match as closely as possible the size of the detector. Collimation is particularly important for intraoral radiography. The dose at the thyroid should be kept as low as possible especially for children. For some beam incidences, a thyroid shield is especially efficient. The development of digital radiography and the related advantages should not lead to increasing the number of radiographs. The prescribed and performed types of examinations, and their number, should always be selected based on the clinical situation and on sound clinical judgment and experience in order to solve the raised medical problem.
本文评估了牙科几种放射检查程序（口腔内、全景和头颅侧位摄影）中患者所接受的剂量。将现有的不同数字技术与溴化银胶片和增感屏技术进行了比较。不同器官的吸收剂量来自牙科放射体模的测量。口腔内摄影的剂量减少幅度最大（31%-84%）。全景和头颅侧位摄影也有显著的剂量减少（分别为25%-70%和30%-60%）。通过优化曝光参数并根据“尽可能合理达到最低水平”（ALARA）原则，应向患者提供获得所需图像质量所需的最小剂量。无论采用何种技术，射线束大小应尽可能与探测器大小相匹配。准直对于口腔内摄影尤为重要。甲状腺部位的剂量应尽可能低，尤其是对儿童而言。对于某些射线入射情况，甲状腺防护屏特别有效。数字放射摄影的发展及其相关优势不应导致增加放射照片的数量。规定的和实际执行的检查类型及其数量，应始终根据临床情况以及合理的临床判断和经验来选择，以便解决所提出的医疗问题。
