Brouder Sylvie M, Volenec Jeffrey J
Department of Agronomy, Lilly Hall of Life Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA.
Physiol Plant. 2008 Aug;133(4):705-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01136.x. Epub 2008 May 28.
Implicit in discussions of plant nutrition and climate change is the assumption that we know what to do relative to nutrient management here and now but that these strategies might not apply in a changed climate. We review existing knowledge on interactive influences of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and soil moisture on plant growth, development and yield as well as on plant water use efficiency (WUE) and physiological and uptake efficiencies of soil-immobile nutrients. Elevated atmospheric CO(2) will increase leaf and canopy photosynthesis, especially in C3 plants, with minor changes in dark respiration. Additional CO(2) will increase biomass without marked alteration in dry matter partitioning, reduce transpiration of most plants and improve WUE. However, spatiotemporal variation in these attributes will impact agronomic performance and crop water use in a site-specific manner. Nutrient acquisition is closely associated with overall biomass and strongly influenced by root surface area. When climate change alters soil factors to restrict root growth, nutrient stress will occur. Plant size may also change but nutrient concentration will remain relatively unchanged; therefore, nutrient removal will scale with growth. Changes in regional nutrient requirements will be most remarkable where we alter cropping systems to accommodate shifts in ecozones or alter farming systems to capture new uses from existing systems. For regions and systems where we currently do an adequate job managing nutrients, we stand a good chance of continued optimization under a changed climate. If we can and should do better, climate change will not help us.
在关于植物营养与气候变化的讨论中，隐含着这样一种假设：我们当下知道如何进行养分管理，但这些策略在气候变化的情况下可能并不适用。我们回顾了关于大气二氧化碳浓度、温度和土壤湿度对植物生长、发育和产量以及对植物水分利用效率（WUE）和土壤难移动养分的生理及吸收效率的交互影响的现有知识。大气中二氧化碳浓度升高会增加叶片和冠层的光合作用，尤其是在C3植物中，同时暗呼吸的变化较小。额外的二氧化碳会增加生物量，而干物质分配没有明显改变，减少大多数植物的蒸腾作用并提高水分利用效率。然而，这些属性的时空变化将以特定地点的方式影响农艺性能和作物水分利用。养分获取与总生物量密切相关，并受到根表面积的强烈影响。当气候变化改变土壤因素以限制根系生长时，就会发生养分胁迫。植物大小也可能发生变化，但养分浓度将保持相对不变；因此，养分去除量将随生长而变化。在我们改变种植系统以适应生态区变化或改变耕作系统以从现有系统中获取新用途的地方，区域养分需求的变化将最为显著。对于我们目前在养分管理方面做得足够好的地区和系统，在气候变化的情况下我们有很大机会继续优化。如果我们能够并且应该做得更好，气候变化将无助于我们。
