Pan Xiaojie, Chang Fengyi, Liu Yongding, Li Dunhai, Xu Aihua, Shen Yinwu, Huang Zebo
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
Environ Toxicol. 2009 Feb;24(1):10-8. doi: 10.1002/tox.20385.
Some species of the genera Anabaena can produce various kinds of cyanotoxins, which may pose risks to environment and human health. Anabaena has frequently been observed in eutrophic freshwater of China in recent years, but its toxicity has been reported only in a few studies. In the present study, the toxicity of an Anabaena flos-aquae strain isolated from Lake Dianchi was investigated. Acute toxicity testing was performed by mouse bioassay using crude extracts from the lyophilized cultures. The mice exposed to crude extracts showed visible symptoms of toxicity and died within 10-24 h of the injection. Serum biochemical parameters were evaluated by the use of commercial diagnostic kits. Significant alterations were found in the serum biochemical parameters: alkaline phosphatase (AKP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), AST/ALT ratio, total protein content, albumin content, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Ssr), and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC). Histopathological observations were carried out with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain under light microscope. Severe lesions were seen in the livers, kidneys, and lungs of the mice injected with crude extracts. The alterations of biochemical parameters were in a dose-dependent manner, and the severities of histological lesions were in the same manner. Based on biochemical and histological studies, this research firstly shows the presence of toxin-producing Anabaena species in Lake Dianchi and the toxic effects of its crude extracts on mammals.
鱼腥藻属的一些物种能够产生多种蓝藻毒素，这可能会对环境和人类健康构成风险。近年来，在中国富营养化的淡水中经常能观察到鱼腥藻，但仅有少数研究报道过其毒性。在本研究中，对从滇池分离出的一株水华鱼腥藻的毒性进行了调查。通过小鼠生物测定法，使用冻干培养物的粗提物进行急性毒性测试。接触粗提物的小鼠出现了明显的中毒症状，并在注射后10 - 24小时内死亡。使用商业诊断试剂盒评估血清生化参数。发现血清生化参数有显著变化：碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（γ-GT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、AST/ALT比值、总蛋白含量、白蛋白含量、白蛋白/球蛋白（A/G）比值、血尿素氮（BUN）、血清肌酐（Ssr）和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）。在光学显微镜下用苏木精和伊红（HE）染色进行组织病理学观察。注射粗提物的小鼠的肝脏、肾脏和肺脏出现了严重病变。生化参数的变化呈剂量依赖性，组织学病变的严重程度也呈同样的趋势。基于生化和组织学研究，本研究首次表明滇池存在产毒素的鱼腥藻物种及其粗提物对哺乳动物的毒性作用。
