Schaumburg Chris S, Held Katherine S, Lane Thomas E
Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine 92697-3900, USA.
Front Biosci. 2008 May 1;13:4393-406. doi: 10.2741/3012.
Viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) results in varied outcomes ranging from encephalitis, paralytic poliomyelitis or other serious consequences. One of the principal factors that directs the outcome of infection is the localized innate immune response, which is proceeded by the adaptive immune response against the invading viral pathogen. The role of the immune system is to contain and control the spread of virus within the CNS, and paradoxically, this response may also be pathological. Studies with a neurotropic murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) have provided important insights into how the immune system combats neuroinvasive viruses, and have identified molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to chronic disease in persistently infected mice.
中枢神经系统（CNS）的病毒感染会导致多种后果，从脑炎、麻痹性脊髓灰质炎到其他严重后果不等。决定感染结果的主要因素之一是局部先天免疫反应，它先于针对入侵病毒病原体的适应性免疫反应。免疫系统的作用是遏制并控制病毒在中枢神经系统内的传播，而矛盾的是，这种反应也可能具有病理性。对嗜神经小鼠冠状病毒——小鼠肝炎病毒（MHV）的研究为免疫系统如何对抗神经侵袭性病毒提供了重要见解，并确定了导致持续感染小鼠患慢性病的分子和细胞机制。
