McLaren Meredith, Marsh Kim, Cochrane Alan
Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
Front Biosci. 2008 May 1;13:5693-707. doi: 10.2741/3110.
Expression of the integrated HIV-1 provirus is achieved by overcoming multiple barriers to the processing, transport and utilization of the viral RNA. Some of the strategies involve viral encoded proteins (i.e. Rev, Gag). However, in large part it is host factors that play essential roles in the movement of HIV-1 RNA from the site of transcription to its ultimate encapsidation into new virions. Identifying these factors and their mechanism of action provides not only important insights into HIV-1 molecular biology but also that of the cell machinery itself. In this review, we highlight the viral and host factors regulating the splicing, polyadenylation, transport, and translation of HIV-1 RNA. The observations made underline the multiple fate decisions that must be made at each stage of the viral RNA metabolic pathway and highlight potential new avenues for controlling HIV-1 replication.
整合的HIV-1前病毒的表达是通过克服病毒RNA加工、运输和利用过程中的多重障碍来实现的。一些策略涉及病毒编码的蛋白质（即Rev、Gag）。然而，在很大程度上，宿主因子在HIV-1 RNA从转录位点移动到最终包装进新病毒颗粒的过程中起着至关重要的作用。识别这些因子及其作用机制不仅能为HIV-1分子生物学提供重要见解，也能为细胞机制本身提供重要见解。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了调节HIV-1 RNA剪接、聚腺苷酸化、运输和翻译的病毒和宿主因子。所做的观察强调了在病毒RNA代谢途径的每个阶段必须做出的多重命运决定，并突出了控制HIV-1复制的潜在新途径。
