Weitz Melissa, Coburn Jeffrey B, Salinas Edgar
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2008 May;58(5):636-40. doi: 10.3155/1047-3289.58.5.636.
This paper estimates national methane emissions from solid waste disposal sites in Panama over the time period 1990-2020 using both the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Waste Model spreadsheet and the default emissions estimate approach presented in the 1996 IPCC Good Practice Guidelines. The IPCC Waste Model has the ability to calculate emissions from a variety of solid waste disposal site types, taking into account country- or region-specific waste composition and climate information, and can be used with a limited amount of data. Countries with detailed data can also run the model with country-specific values. The paper discusses methane emissions from solid waste disposal; explains the differences between the two methodologies in terms of data needs, assumptions, and results; describes solid waste disposal circumstances in Panama; and presents the results of this analysis. It also demonstrates the Waste Model's ability to incorporate landfill gas recovery data and to make projections. The former default method methane emissions estimates are 25 Gg in 1994, and range from 23.1 Gg in 1990 to a projected 37.5 Gg in 2020. The Waste Model estimates are 26.7 Gg in 1994, ranging from 24.6 Gg in 1990 to 41.6 Gg in 2020. Emissions estimates for Panama produced by the new model were, on average, 8% higher than estimates produced by the former default methodology. The increased estimate can be attributed to the inclusion of all solid waste disposal in Panama (as opposed to only disposal in managed landfills), but the increase was offset somewhat by the different default factors and regional waste values between the 1996 and 2006 IPCC guidelines, and the use of the first-order decay model with a time delay for waste degradation in the IPCC Waste Model.
本文使用2006年政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）废弃物模型电子表格以及1996年IPCC良好实践指南中提出的默认排放估算方法，对1990 - 2020年期间巴拿马固体废弃物处理场所的全国甲烷排放量进行了估算。IPCC废弃物模型能够计算各种固体废弃物处理场所类型的排放量，同时考虑到特定国家或地区的废弃物成分和气候信息，并且可以在数据量有限的情况下使用。拥有详细数据的国家也可以使用特定国家的值来运行该模型。本文讨论了固体废弃物处理产生的甲烷排放；解释了两种方法在数据需求、假设和结果方面的差异；描述了巴拿马的固体废弃物处理情况；并展示了该分析的结果。它还展示了废弃物模型纳入填埋气回收数据并进行预测的能力。以前的默认方法估算的1994年甲烷排放量为25千兆克，范围从1990年的23.1千兆克到预计2020年的37.5千兆克。废弃物模型估算的1994年排放量为26.7千兆克，范围从1990年的24.6千兆克到2020年的41.6千兆克。新模型得出的巴拿马排放量估算平均比以前的默认方法高出8%。估算增加的原因可归因于纳入了巴拿马所有的固体废弃物处理（而不是仅处理在管理的填埋场），但由于1996年和2006年IPCC指南之间不同的默认因子和区域废弃物值，以及IPCC废弃物模型中使用带有废弃物降解时间延迟的一阶衰变模型，增加的幅度有所抵消。
