Whitaker Daniel J, Le Brenda, Karl Hanson R, Baker Charlene K, McMahon Pam M, Ryan Gail, Klein Alisa, Rice Deborah Donovan
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Child Abuse Negl. 2008 May;32(5):529-48. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.08.005. Epub 2008 May 29.
Since the late 1980s, there has been a strong theoretical focus on psychological and social influences of perpetration of child sexual abuse. This paper presents the results of a review and meta-analysis of studies examining risk factors for perpetration of child sexual abuse published since 1990.
Eighty-nine studies published between 1990 and April of 2003 were reviewed. Risk factors were classified into one of the following six broad categories: family factors, externalizing behaviors, internalizing behaviors, social deficits, sexual problems, and attitudes/beliefs. Sex offenders against children (SOC) were compared to three comparison groups identified within the 89 studies: sex offenders who perpetrated against adults (SOA), non-sex offenders, and non-offenders with no history of criminal or sexual behavior problems.
Results for the six major categories showed that SOC were not different from SOA (all d between -.02 and .14) other than showing lower externalizing behaviors (d=-.25). Sex offenders against children were somewhat different from non-sex offenders, especially with regard to sexual problems and attitudes (d=.83 and .51). Sex offenders against children showed substantial differences from non-offenders with medium sized effects in all six major categories (d's range from .39 to .58).
Child sex offenders are different from non-sex offenders and non-offenders but not from sex offenders against adults.
This study suggests that the presence of general risk factors may lead to a variety of negative behavioral outcomes, including the perpetration of child sexual offending. Family factors were strongly related to the perpetration of child sex offending (vs. non-sexual offending or non-offending) and may be valuable intervention points for interrupting the development of child sex offending, as well as other negative behaviors. Other potential points for intervention may focus on the development of appropriate social and emotional skills that contribute to sexual offending.
自20世纪80年代末以来，对儿童性虐待犯罪的心理和社会影响一直有着浓厚的理论关注。本文呈现了一项对1990年以来发表的关于儿童性虐待犯罪风险因素研究的综述和荟萃分析结果。
对1990年至2003年4月间发表的89项研究进行了综述。风险因素被归类为以下六大类之一：家庭因素、外化行为、内化行为、社会缺陷、性问题以及态度/信念。将儿童性犯罪者（SOC）与89项研究中确定的三个对照组进行比较：针对成人的性犯罪者（SOA）、非性犯罪者以及无犯罪或性行为问题历史的非犯罪者。
六大类别的结果显示，除了外化行为较低（d = -0.25）外，儿童性犯罪者与针对成人的性犯罪者没有差异（所有d值在-0.02至0.14之间）。儿童性犯罪者与非性犯罪者有所不同，尤其是在性问题和态度方面（d = 0.83和0.51）。儿童性犯罪者与非犯罪者在所有六大类中均存在显著差异，效应量中等（d值范围从0.39至0.58）。
儿童性犯罪者与非性犯罪者和非犯罪者不同，但与针对成人的性犯罪者无异。
本研究表明，一般风险因素的存在可能导致各种负面行为结果，包括儿童性犯罪行为。家庭因素与儿童性犯罪行为（相对于非性犯罪或非犯罪行为）密切相关，可能是打断儿童性犯罪行为以及其他负面行为发展的有价值干预点。其他潜在干预点可能集中在培养有助于性犯罪行为的适当社会和情感技能方面。
