Buddeberg-Fischer Barbara, Stamm Martina, Buddeberg Claus, Klaghofer Richard
Department of Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Swiss Med Wkly. 2008 May 31;138(21-22):305-12. doi: 10.4414/smw.2008.12473.
The present study aimed to investigate the differences between future family physicians, and physicians aspiring to other medical specialities, in terms of sociodemographic factors and variables concerning personality factors, career motivation, career success, importance of life goals and work-life balance; further, the stability in career choice of family physicians from medical school through to residency was evaluated.
Data reported are from four assessments of the Swiss physicians' longitudinal career development study, begun in 2001 (T1). At T4, in 2007, 543 residents (76% of the initial sample at T1) completed a questionnaire concerning their personal and professional goals. The difference between family physicians and specialists was studied by multivariate analyses of covariance adjusted for gender.
Of the study sample, 84 (17%) decided on family medicine, 66% of them as early as medical school or at the beginning of residency. Compared to specialists, more family physicians are married and more have children. Their intrinsic and extrinsic career motivation is lower, their extraprofessional concerns are greater and they rate their objective and subjective career success lower. The favoured models of work-family and work-life balance respectively are part-time oriented.
Future family physicians, both females and males, are less career-oriented. The results suggest that the waning reputation of family medicine and the uncertain development of this medical discipline in the Swiss healthcare system attract less career-oriented applicants. A well-balanced integration of professional and private life is an essential goal for the new generation of doctors; this applies even more to female doctors and family physicians. Considering this trend, the question arises whether the current number of medical school graduates is sufficient to ensure the population's healthcare provision in the future.
本研究旨在调查未来的家庭医生与有志于其他医学专业的医生在社会人口学因素以及与人格因素、职业动机、职业成就、生活目标重要性和工作-生活平衡相关的变量方面的差异；此外，还评估了从医学院到住院医师阶段家庭医生职业选择的稳定性。
报告的数据来自于2001年开始的瑞士医生纵向职业发展研究的四项评估（T1）。在2007年的T4阶段，543名住院医师（占T1初始样本的76%）完成了一份关于他们个人和职业目标的问卷。通过对性别进行调整的多变量协方差分析研究了家庭医生和专科医生之间的差异。
在研究样本中，84人（17%）选择了家庭医学，其中66%早在医学院或住院医师阶段初期就做出了选择。与专科医生相比，更多的家庭医生已婚且有孩子。他们的内在和外在职业动机较低，职业外的担忧较多，并且他们对客观和主观职业成就的评价较低。工作-家庭和工作-生活平衡各自偏爱的模式分别是以兼职为导向的。
未来的家庭医生，无论男女，职业导向性都较低。结果表明，家庭医学声誉的下降以及该医学学科在瑞士医疗体系中不确定的发展吸引了职业导向性较低的申请者。职业生活和私人生活的良好平衡是新一代医生的一个重要目标；这对女医生和家庭医生来说更是如此。考虑到这一趋势，就出现了当前医学院毕业生数量是否足以确保未来为民众提供医疗服务的问题。
