Schütt F, Kopitz J, Yu A, Welge-Lüssen U
Augenklinik der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg.
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2008 Jun;225(6):548-54. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-963760.
An intact retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) represents an essential condition for the visual process. This post-mitotic RPE monolayer combines different functions such as degradation of photoreceptor outer segments, vitamin A cycle, support of retinal metabolism and maintenance of the outer blood-retina barrier. As a consequence of excessive metabolism, high oxygen levels, exposition to light of short wave length and ensuing radical formation, the RPE is highly dependent on protective systems. In spite of differentiated defence mechanisms, aging processes cause cumulative RPE damage, representing a major component of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible severe vision loss in people over 50 years old. A better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology will help to develop new prophylactic options which is becoming more and more important with increasing life expectancy.
完整的视网膜色素上皮（RPE）是视觉过程的必要条件。这种有丝分裂后的RPE单层细胞具有多种功能，如光感受器外段的降解、维生素A循环、视网膜代谢的支持以及外血视网膜屏障的维持。由于新陈代谢过度、高氧水平、暴露于短波光线以及随之产生的自由基形成，RPE高度依赖保护系统。尽管有分化的防御机制，但衰老过程会导致RPE累积性损伤，这是年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的主要组成部分，AMD是50岁以上人群不可逆严重视力丧失的主要原因。更好地理解潜在的病理生理学将有助于开发新的预防方法，随着预期寿命的增加，这一点变得越来越重要。
