Sandradewi Jisca, Prévôt Andre S H, Szidat Sönke, Perron Nolwenn, Alfarra M Rami, Lanz Valentin A, Weingartner Ernest, Baltensperger Urs
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
Environ Sci Technol. 2008 May 1;42(9):3316-23. doi: 10.1021/es702253m.
A source apportionment study was performed for particulate matter in the small village of Roveredo, Switzerland, where more than 70% of the households use wood burning for heating purposes. A two-lane trans-Alpine highway passes through the village and contributes to the total aerosol burden in the area. The village is located in a steep Alpine valley characterized by strong and persistent temperature inversions during winter, especially from December to February. During two winter and one early spring campaigns, a seven-wavelength aethalometer, high volume (HIVOL) samplers, an Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), an optical particle counter (OPC), and a Sunset Laboratory OCEC analyzer were deployed to study the contribution of wood burning and traffic aerosols to particulate matter. A linear regression model of the carbonaceous particulate mass in the submicrometer size range CM(PM1) as a function of aerosol light absorption properties measured by the aethalometer is introduced to estimate the particulate mass from wood burning and traffic (PM(wb), PM(traffic)). This model was calibrated with analyses from the 14C method using HIVOL filter measurements. These results indicate that light absorption exponents of 1.1 for traffic and 1.8-1.9 for wood burning calculated from the light absorption at 470 and 950 nanometers should be used to obtain agreement of the two methods regarding the relative wood burning and traffic emission contributions to CM(PM1) and also to black carbon. The resulting PM(wb) and PM(traffic) values explain 86% of the variance of the CM(PM1) and contribute, on average, 88 and 12% to CM(PM1), respectively. The black carbon is estimated to be 51% due to wood burning and 49% due to traffic emissions. The average organic carbon/total carbon (OC/TC) values were estimated to be 0.52 for traffic and 0.88 for wood burning particulate emissions.
在瑞士罗韦雷多的小村庄进行了一项颗粒物源解析研究，该村庄超过70%的家庭使用木材取暖。一条双车道的跨阿尔卑斯高速公路穿过村庄，增加了该地区的总气溶胶负荷。该村庄位于一个陡峭的高山山谷中，冬季尤其是12月至2月期间存在强烈且持续的逆温现象。在两次冬季和一次早春活动期间，部署了一台七波长黑碳仪、大容量（HIVOL）采样器、一台Aerodyne四极杆气溶胶质谱仪（AMS）、一台光学粒子计数器（OPC）和一台Sunset Laboratory OCEC分析仪，以研究木材燃烧和气溶胶对颗粒物的贡献。引入了亚微米尺寸范围内碳质颗粒物质量CM(PM1)作为黑碳仪测量的气溶胶光吸收特性的函数的线性回归模型，以估算木材燃烧和交通产生的颗粒物质量（PM(wb)，PM(交通)）。该模型通过使用HIVOL过滤器测量的14C方法分析进行校准。这些结果表明，应使用根据470和950纳米处的光吸收计算得出的交通光吸收指数1.1和木材燃烧光吸收指数1.8 - 1.9，以使两种方法在木材燃烧和交通排放对CM(PM1)以及黑碳的相对贡献方面达成一致。所得的PM(wb)和PM(交通)值解释了CM(PM1)方差的86%，平均分别对CM(PM1)贡献88%和12%。估计黑碳中51%来自木材燃烧，49%来自交通排放。交通排放的平均有机碳/总碳（OC/TC）值估计为0.52，木材燃烧颗粒物排放的该值为0.88。
