da Silva Zacarias J, Oliveira Inês, Andersen Andreas, Dias Francisco, Rodrigues Amabélia, Holmgren Birgitta, Andersson Sören, Aaby Peter
Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Sweden.
AIDS. 2008 Jun 19;22(10):1195-202. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328300a33d.
To assess the changes in HIV prevalence and incidence between 1996 and 2006 in urban areas of Bissau.
A cross-sectional survey of 384 randomly selected houses within a community-based follow-up study of HIV-1 and HIV-2.
A total of 3242 individuals aged at least 15 years were eligible for inclusion. Participants were interviewed about behavioral and socio-economic factors and had a blood sample drawn. A total of 2548 individuals were tested for antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2, of whom 649 had taken part in a similar survey in 1996.
With 0.5% HIV dual reactions included, the overall HIV-1 prevalence was 4.6% (118 out of 2548) and the HIV-2 prevalence was 4.4% (112 out of 2548). The prevalence of HIV-1 increased more for women than men especially in the 25-34-year age group. HIV-2 prevalence decreased below 45 years of age but not for individuals more than 45 years old. The incidence rate between 1996 and 2006 was 0.5 per 100 person-years for HIV-1 and 0.24 per 100 person-years for HIV-2. Compared with a previous period from 1987 to 1996, the incidence of HIV-2 is declining whereas no significant increase in the incidence of HIV-1 was observed.
The present study shows an increasing prevalence of HIV-1 and a decreasing prevalence of HIV-2 in Guinea-Bissau. HIV is generally a bigger problem for women. Despite the general decline in prevalence, HIV-2 may continue as an infection in older people, especially women.
评估1996年至2006年期间比绍城市地区艾滋病毒流行率和发病率的变化。
在一项基于社区的艾滋病毒1型和2型随访研究中，对384所随机选择的房屋进行横断面调查。
共有3242名年龄至少15岁的个体符合纳入条件。参与者接受了关于行为和社会经济因素的访谈，并采集了血样。共有2548人接受了艾滋病毒1型和2型抗体检测，其中649人曾在1996年参加过类似调查。
包括0.5%的艾滋病毒双重反应在内，艾滋病毒1型总体流行率为4.6%（2548人中118人），艾滋病毒2型流行率为4.4%（2548人中112人）。艾滋病毒1型在女性中的流行率增长幅度大于男性，尤其是在25 - 34岁年龄组。45岁以下人群中艾滋病毒2型流行率下降，但45岁以上人群中未下降。1996年至2006年期间，艾滋病毒1型的发病率为每100人年0.5例，艾滋病毒2型为每100人年0.24例。与1987年至1996年的前一时期相比，艾滋病毒2型的发病率在下降，而艾滋病毒1型的发病率未观察到显著增加。
本研究表明，几内亚比绍艾滋病毒1型的流行率在上升，而艾滋病毒2型的流行率在下降。艾滋病毒对女性来说通常是一个更大的问题。尽管总体流行率有所下降，但艾滋病毒2型可能在老年人尤其是女性中继续作为一种感染存在。
