Marchand M J, van Dyk J C, Pieterse G M, Barnhoorn I E J, Bornman M S
Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa.
Environ Toxicol. 2009 Apr;24(2):133-47. doi: 10.1002/tox.20397.
There is a need for sensitive bio-monitoring tools in toxicant impact assessment to indicate the effect of toxicants on fish health in polluted aquatic ecosystems. Histopathological assessment of fish tissue allows for early warning signs of disease and detection of long-term injury in cells, tissues, or organs. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of histopathological alterations in the liver of C. gariepinus from two dams in an urban nature reserve, (Gauteng, South Africa). Two dams (Dam 1 and Dam 2) were chosen for their suspected levels of toxicants. Water and sediments were sampled for metal and potential endocrine disrupting chemical analysis. A quantitative and qualitative histology-based health assessment protocol was employed to determine the adverse health effects in fish. The analysis of blood constituents, fish necropsy, calculation of condition factors, and hepatosomatic indices were employed to support the findings of the qualitative and quantitative histological assessment of liver tissue. Assessment of the liver tissue revealed marked histopathological alterations including: structural alterations (hepatic cord disarray) affecting 27% of field specimens; plasma alterations (granular degeneration 98% and fatty degeneration 25%) of hepatocytes; an increase in melanomacrophage centers (32%); hepatocyte nuclear alterations (90%); and necrosis of liver tissue (14%). The quantitative histological assessment indicated that livers of fish collected from Dam 1 were more affected than the fish livers collected from Dam 2.
在毒物影响评估中，需要灵敏的生物监测工具来指示毒物对受污染水生生态系统中鱼类健康的影响。对鱼组织进行组织病理学评估可提供疾病的早期预警信号，并检测细胞、组织或器官中的长期损伤。本研究的目的是评估来自南非豪登省一个城市自然保护区两座大坝的尖吻鲈肝脏的组织病理学改变程度。选择两座大坝（大坝1和大坝2）是因为怀疑它们有毒物。采集了水和沉积物样本进行金属及潜在内分泌干扰化学物分析。采用基于组织学的定量和定性健康评估方案来确定鱼类的不良健康影响。分析血液成分、进行鱼尸检、计算状况因子和肝体指数，以支持肝脏组织定性和定量组织学评估的结果。肝脏组织评估显示出明显的组织病理学改变，包括：影响27%野外样本的结构改变（肝索紊乱）；肝细胞的血浆改变（颗粒变性98%和脂肪变性25%）；黑素巨噬细胞中心增加（32%）；肝细胞核改变（90%）；以及肝组织坏死（14%）。定量组织学评估表明，从大坝1采集的鱼的肝脏比从大坝2采集的鱼的肝脏受影响更大。
