Meijers Judith M M, Schols Jos M G A, van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren Marian A E, Dassen Theo, Janssen Maaike A P, Halfens Ruud J G
Department of Health Care and Nursing Science, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Br J Nutr. 2009 Feb;101(3):417-23. doi: 10.1017/S0007114508998317. Epub 2008 Jun 5.
The objective of this study was to provide data on malnutrition prevalence in hospitals, nursing homes and home-care organisations in The Netherlands in a nationally representative sample, and to assess the factors such as age, sex, time since admission, ward type and disease for identifying patients at high risk of malnutrition. A cross-sectional, multi-centre design with a standardised questionnaire was used to measure the prevalence of malnutrition. Nutritional status was assessed by BMI, undesired weight loss and nutritional intake. In this study, 12 883 patients were included. The prevalence of malnutrition was the highest in hospitals (23.8 %), followed by home-care organisations (21.7 %) and nursing homes (19.2 %). Logistic regression analysis revealed no association with age, time since admission and ward type. Being female was associated with malnutrition only in nursing homes. Blood diseases, gastrointestinal tract diseases, infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia and cancer were the factors associated with malnutrition in hospitals. Dementia was associated with malnutrition in nursing homes, while gastrointestinal tract diseases, diabetes mellitus and cancer were the associated factors in home care. This study shows that malnutrition is still a substantial problem in hospitals, nursing homes and home care in The Netherlands. Malnutrition is a problem for more than one in five patients. Despite growing attention to the problem, more continued alertness is required.
本研究的目的是在荷兰具有全国代表性的样本中，提供有关医院、养老院和家庭护理机构中营养不良患病率的数据，并评估年龄、性别、入院时间、病房类型和疾病等因素，以识别营养不良高危患者。采用横断面、多中心设计和标准化问卷来测量营养不良的患病率。通过体重指数（BMI）、非预期体重减轻和营养摄入量评估营养状况。本研究纳入了12883名患者。营养不良患病率在医院中最高（23.8%），其次是家庭护理机构（21.7%）和养老院（19.2%）。逻辑回归分析显示，营养不良与年龄、入院时间和病房类型无关。仅在养老院中，女性与营养不良有关。血液疾病、胃肠道疾病、感染、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、痴呆症和癌症是医院中与营养不良相关的因素。痴呆症与养老院中的营养不良有关，而胃肠道疾病、糖尿病和癌症是家庭护理中的相关因素。本研究表明，在荷兰，营养不良在医院、养老院和家庭护理中仍然是一个严重问题。超过五分之一的患者存在营养不良问题。尽管对该问题的关注度不断提高，但仍需要持续保持警惕。
