Department of Health Care and Nursing Science, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Austria.
J Clin Nurs. 2011 Sep;20(17-18):2501-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03761.x. Epub 2011 Jul 3.
This study investigates possible differences in malnutrition prevalence rates in Dutch and German nursing homes. It seeks to provide insight into the screening, prevention and treatment of malnutrition and the indicators for nutritional care policy.
For decades, malnutrition has been an important problem in health care settings worldwide. A considerable percentage of frail older people suffer from malnutrition. In European nursing homes, the reported prevalence rates range widely (2% to 85%).
This is a multicentre, cross-sectional prevalence study of malnutrition in Dutch and German nursing homes using standardised methodology, with the participation of respectively 5848 and 4923 residents (65+ years).
Patient characteristics differed significantly between the two countries. Dutch residents were more often male, younger, more care-dependent and significantly more at risk of malnutrition (31·7%). However, overall malnutrition prevalence rates did not differ significantly (Netherlands 26·8% and Germany 26·5%). All German residents were screened at admission, whereas only 73·1% of the Dutch residents were. As part of screening, nutritional screening tools were used in 38·0% of Dutch and 42·1% of the German residents. A dietician was consulted for 36·7% Dutch and 9·3% German malnourished residents. The proportion of malnourished receiving nutritional intervention was larger in Germany than in the Netherlands. Structural indicators for nutritional policy were fulfilled more often in the Netherlands care at institutional level whereas in Germany they were fulfilled more often at ward level.
In this study, German residents had a somewhat better nutritional status than Dutch residents and more is done to enhance nutritional status in German nursing homes. The differences would be somewhat larger if both populations were more comparable.
Comparing malnutrition prevalence rates, prevention and interventions in health care institutions and countries gives insight into international differences in quality of care.
本研究旨在调查荷兰和德国养老院中营养不良患病率的可能差异。旨在深入了解营养不良的筛查、预防和治疗以及营养护理政策的指标。
几十年来，营养不良一直是全球医疗保健领域的一个重要问题。相当一部分体弱老年人患有营养不良。在欧洲的养老院中，报告的患病率差异很大（2%至 85%）。
这是一项使用标准化方法的荷兰和德国养老院营养不良多中心横断面患病率研究，分别有 5848 名和 4923 名（65 岁以上）居民参与。
两国患者的特征存在显著差异。荷兰居民中男性、年龄较小、依赖性更强且营养不良风险显著更高（31.7%）。然而，总体营养不良患病率没有显著差异（荷兰 26.8%，德国 26.5%）。所有德国居民在入院时都进行了筛查，而只有 73.1%的荷兰居民进行了筛查。作为筛查的一部分，38.0%的荷兰居民和 42.1%的德国居民使用了营养筛查工具。36.7%的荷兰和 9.3%的德国营养不良居民咨询了营养师。在德国，接受营养干预的营养不良患者比例大于荷兰。在荷兰，营养政策的结构指标在机构层面上得到了更多的满足，而在德国，这些指标在病房层面上得到了更多的满足。
在这项研究中，德国居民的营养状况比荷兰居民稍好，并且在德国养老院中采取了更多措施来增强营养状况。如果两个群体更加可比，差异会更大一些。
比较医疗保健机构和国家的营养不良患病率、预防和干预措施，可以深入了解国际护理质量差异。
