Ponçon N, Toty C, Kengne P, Alten B, Fontenille D
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR016, Caractérisation et Contrôle des Populations de Vecteurs, 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier 5, France.
J Med Entomol. 2008 May;45(3):576-80. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585(2008)45[576:mefsba]2.0.co;2.
Malaria was a former public health problem in the Camargue, southeastern France, where members of the Hyrcanus group were recently described as the main malaria potential vectors. However, the systematic status in this group, which includes at least two sympatric sibling species, Anopheles hyrcanus (Pallas) and Anopheles pseudopictus Grassi as well as a morphologically intermediate form in the Camargue, is unclear. Indeed, both species have been alternatively considered as separated or synonymous species. We examined sequence variation of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 2 and domain-3 (D3) of 28S ribosomal DNA and the cytochrome oxidase subunit I and II (COI and COII) genes of mitochondrial DNA of the Hyrcanus group mosquitoes from the Camargue and Turkey to infer the taxonomic status of the members of this group. DNA sequence analysis of ITS2 and D3 showed no difference between either species or geographical origin (mean pairwise genetic distances d = 0.000-0.003). The COI and COII sequences between French specimens also were nearly identical (d = 0.001-0.002), whereas French and Turkish Anopheles were genetically distinct (d = 0.009-0.014). The distinction between populations of the two areas, supported, respectively, by four and five fixed mutations, attested the differentiation by the distance. Finally, the high degree of genetic similarity, despite morphological differences between An. hyrcanus, An. pseudopictus, and an intermediate form, suggests that these three taxa may belong to a single species in the Camargue.
疟疾曾是法国东南部卡马尔格地区的一个公共卫生问题，最近有研究表明，赫卡尼亚蚊种群的成员是主要的疟疾潜在传播媒介。然而，该种群的系统分类地位尚不清楚，其中至少包括两个同域分布的近缘种，即赫卡尼亚按蚊（Pallas）和伪斑按蚊（Grassi），以及卡马尔格地区一种形态学上的中间类型。实际上，这两个物种曾被交替视为不同的物种或同义物种。我们检测了来自卡马尔格和土耳其的赫卡尼亚蚊种群的28S核糖体DNA的内转录间隔区（ITS）2和结构域3（D3）以及线粒体DNA的细胞色素氧化酶亚基I和II（COI和COII）基因的序列变异，以推断该种群成员的分类地位。ITS2和D3的DNA序列分析表明，物种间或地理来源间均无差异（平均成对遗传距离d = 0.000 - 0.003）。法国标本的COI和COII序列也几乎相同（d = 0.001 - 0.002），而法国和土耳其的按蚊在基因上是不同的（d = 0.009 - 0.014）。两个地区种群之间的差异分别由四个和五个固定突变支持，证明了距离导致的分化。最后，尽管赫卡尼亚按蚊、伪斑按蚊和中间类型在形态上存在差异，但它们高度的遗传相似性表明，这三个分类单元在卡马尔格地区可能属于同一物种。
