Garzon Ramiro, Croce Carlo M
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
Curr Opin Hematol. 2008 Jul;15(4):352-8. doi: 10.1097/MOH.0b013e328303e15d.
The discovery of a novel class of gene regulators, named microRNAs, has changed the landscape of human genetics. In hematopoiesis, recent work has improved our understanding of the role of microRNAs in hematopoietic differentiation and leukemogenesis.
Using animal models engineered to overexpress miR-150, miR-17 approximately 92 and miR-155 or to be deficient for miR-223, miR-155 and miR-17 approximately 92 expression, several groups have now shown that miRNAs are critical for B-lymphocyte development (miR-150 and miR-17 approximately 92), granulopoiesis (miR-223), immune function (miR-155) and B-lymphoproliferative disorders (miR-155 and miR-17 approximately 92). Distinctive miRNA signatures have been described in association with cytogenetics and outcome in acute myeloid leukemia.
There is now strong evidence that miRNAs modulate not only hematopoietic differentiation and proliferation but also activity of hematopoietic cells, in particular those related to immune function. Extensive miRNA deregulation has been observed in leukemias and lymphomas and mechanistic studies support a role for miRNAs in the pathogenesis of these disorders.
一类名为微小RNA的新型基因调节因子的发现改变了人类遗传学的格局。在造血过程中，近期的研究增进了我们对微小RNA在造血分化和白血病发生中作用的理解。
通过构建过表达miR-150、miR-1792和miR-155或缺失miR-223、miR-155和miR-1792表达的动物模型，多个研究小组现已表明，微小RNA对B淋巴细胞发育（miR-150和miR-1792）、粒细胞生成（miR-223）、免疫功能（miR-155）和B淋巴细胞增殖性疾病（miR-155和miR-1792）至关重要。在急性髓系白血病中，已描述了与细胞遗传学和预后相关的独特微小RNA特征。
现在有强有力的证据表明，微小RNA不仅调节造血分化和增殖，还调节造血细胞的活性，特别是那些与免疫功能相关的细胞。在白血病和淋巴瘤中已观察到广泛的微小RNA失调，机制研究支持微小RNA在这些疾病发病机制中的作用。
