Bhatnagar Bhavana, Garzon Ramiro
Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling, WV, United States.
Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States.
Front Oncol. 2021 Aug 11;11:679022. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.679022. eCollection 2021.
MicroRNAs (miRs) are short non-coding RNAs, typically 18-25 nucleotides in length, that are critically important, through their direct effects on target mRNAs, in a variety of cellular processes including cell differentiation, proliferation and survival. Dysregulated miR expression has been identified in numerous cancer types including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). From a clinical standpoint, several miRs have been shown to associate with prognosis in AML patients. Furthermore, they also carry the potential to be used as biomarkers and to inform medical decision making. In addition, several preclinical studies have provided strong rationale to develop novel therapeutic strategies to target miRs in AML. This review will focus on potential clinical applications of miRs in adult AML and will discuss unique miR signatures in specific AML subtypes, their role in prognostication and response to therapy, as well as miRs that are promising therapeutic targets and ongoing clinical trials directed towards targeting clinically relevant miRs in AML that could allow for improvements in current treatment strategies.
微小RNA（miR）是短链非编码RNA，长度通常为18 - 25个核苷酸，通过对靶mRNA的直接作用，在包括细胞分化、增殖和存活在内的多种细胞过程中起着至关重要的作用。在包括急性髓系白血病（AML）在内的多种癌症类型中，已发现miR表达失调。从临床角度来看，几种miR已被证明与AML患者的预后相关。此外，它们还具有用作生物标志物以及为医疗决策提供依据的潜力。此外，多项临床前研究为开发针对AML中miR的新型治疗策略提供了有力的理论依据。本综述将聚焦于miR在成人AML中的潜在临床应用，并将讨论特定AML亚型中的独特miR特征、它们在预后和治疗反应中的作用，以及有前景的治疗靶点miR和针对AML中临床相关miR的正在进行的临床试验，这些试验可能会改进当前的治疗策略。
