Onstad S, Skre I, Torgersen S, Kringlen E
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Norway.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1991 May;83(5):395-401. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb05563.x.
The monozygotic (MZ)/dizygotic (DZ) concordance rates for schizophrenia and the relationship between schizophrenia and schizophrenic spectrum disorders were studied in a sample of 31 MZ and 28 DZ schizophrenic probands and their co-twins. All subjects were personally interviewed with structured diagnostic instruments and classified according to DSM-III-R criteria. The concordance rates of 48% for MZ twins and 4% for DZ twins indicate a genetic transmission of DSM-III-R schizophrenia. In addition to the schizophrenic co-twins, 3 MZ co-twins had a noneffective psychotic disorder, thus supporting the hypothesis that genes are involved in the development of Axis I schizophrenic spectrum disorders. Schizotypal and paranoid personality disorders were observed in both MZ and DZ co-twins. These disorders may be familially related to schizophrenia, but a genetic relationship was not confirmed for the Axis II spectrum disorders. A substantial number of MZ co-twins of schizophrenic probands had no mental disorder.
在一个由31对同卵双胞胎（MZ）和28对异卵双胞胎（DZ）精神分裂症先证者及其孪生同胞组成的样本中，研究了精神分裂症的同卵/异卵一致率以及精神分裂症与精神分裂症谱系障碍之间的关系。所有受试者均通过结构化诊断工具进行个人访谈，并根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订版（DSM-III-R）标准进行分类。同卵双胞胎的一致率为48%，异卵双胞胎的一致率为4%，这表明DSM-III-R精神分裂症存在遗传传递。除了患精神分裂症的孪生同胞外，3对同卵双胞胎的孪生同胞患有无效性精神障碍，从而支持了基因参与轴I精神分裂症谱系障碍发病的假说。在同卵和异卵双胞胎的孪生同胞中均观察到分裂型和偏执型人格障碍。这些障碍可能与精神分裂症存在家族相关性，但对于轴II谱系障碍，未证实存在遗传关系。大量精神分裂症先证者的同卵双胞胎的孪生同胞没有精神障碍。
