Raharimanga Vaomalala, Carod Jean-François, Ramarokoto Charles-Emile, Chrétien Jean-Baptiste, Rakotomanana Fanjasoa, Talarmin Antoine, Richard Vincent
Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar.
BMC Infect Dis. 2008 Jun 6;8:78. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-8-78.
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is an enteric, viral, infectious disease endemic in many developing countries such as Madagascar. Infection is often subclinical or asymptomatic in children; however, symptomatic acute infections become more common with increasing age. In some developing countries, improvements in living conditions have led to changes in the epidemiological pattern of HAV infection. There are very few reports on the prevalence of HAV in Madagascar. This study was to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus antibodies in relation to age in the city of Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Serum samples collected in 2004 during a cross-sectional survey of individuals aged between two and 24 years from Antananarivo were tested for anti-HAV antibody using a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit. Subjects were investigated using a standardized social and medical history questionnaire.
926 subjects were enrolled including 406 males and 520 females. There were 251 children under 10 years old and 675 subjects between 10 and 24 years old. Of the 926 serum samples tested, 854 (92.2%) were positive for anti-HAV antibodies. The number of seropositive samples was similar for males and females. The overall seroprevalence was 83.7% (210/251) for children under 10 years old and 95.5% (644/675) for subjects aged between 10 and 24 years (p < 0.001).
Despite improvements in sanitary conditions and hygiene over the last few years, the prevalence of HAV in Antananarivo is high. Only children under five years old remain susceptible to HAV infection. Immunization against HAV is not needed at the present time in the Madagascan population, but should be recommended for travellers.
甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）是一种肠道病毒性传染病，在马达加斯加等许多发展中国家流行。儿童感染通常为亚临床或无症状感染；然而，有症状的急性感染随着年龄增长变得更为常见。在一些发展中国家，生活条件的改善导致了HAV感染流行病学模式的变化。关于马达加斯加HAV流行情况的报道非常少。本研究旨在确定马达加斯加塔那那利佛市甲型肝炎病毒抗体血清流行率与年龄的关系。
对2004年在塔那那利佛进行的一项横断面调查中收集的2至24岁个体的血清样本，使用商用酶免疫分析试剂盒检测抗HAV抗体。使用标准化的社会和病史问卷对受试者进行调查。
共纳入926名受试者，其中男性406名，女性520名。10岁以下儿童251名，10至24岁受试者675名。在检测的926份血清样本中，854份（92.2%）抗HAV抗体呈阳性。血清阳性样本数量在男性和女性中相似。10岁以下儿童的总体血清流行率为83.7%（210/251），10至24岁受试者为95.5%（644/675）（p<0.001）。
尽管过去几年卫生条件和卫生习惯有所改善，但塔那那利佛的HAV流行率仍然很高。只有五岁以下儿童仍易感染HAV。目前马达加斯加人群无需接种HAV疫苗，但建议旅行者接种。
