Amidon Kevin S
Department of World Languages and Cultures, Iowa State University, 3102 Pearson Hall, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
Endeavour. 2008 Jun;32(2):64-9. doi: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2008.04.004.
Throughout the nineteenth century, German medical, scientific and legal scholars found themselves puzzled and engaged by the diverse forms of human sexuality. Psychiatrists like Richard von Krafft-Ebing who were interested in explaining deviance encountered scientifically trained advocates for emancipation like Magnus Hirschfeld, and the result was the new--if unstable--discipline of sexual science. Because they based arguments for social intervention on knowledge of nature and the body, the field's proponents--like the advocates of eugenics and racial hygiene--argued that they were biologists. After 1900, this mutual biological engagement of sexual science and eugenics revealed itself in overlapping debates between the proponents of both fields.
在整个19世纪，德国的医学、科学和法律学者发现自己对人类性行为的多样形式既感到困惑又深陷其中。像理查德·冯·克拉夫特-埃宾这样对解释偏差行为感兴趣的精神病学家，遇到了像马格努斯·赫希菲尔德这样受过科学训练的解放倡导者，结果产生了新的——尽管并不稳定的——性科学学科。由于他们将社会干预的论点建立在对自然和身体的认识基础上，该领域的支持者——就像优生学和种族卫生的倡导者一样——声称自己是生物学家。1900年以后，性科学和优生学在生物学上的这种相互关联在两个领域支持者之间重叠的辩论中显现出来。
