Stanley Philip F, Tanzer David J, Schallhorn Steven C
Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2008 Jul;19(4):321-4. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283009ee3.
The aim of this article is to highlight the numerous contributions the US Navy has made to the field of laser refractive surgery. It summarizes and draws together published papers, national meeting presentations, and unpublished data of clinical and laboratory studies involving the excimer laser and the laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap.
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is the most widely performed refractive procedure in the US Navy, but this trend is slowly changing as femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK becomes more widely performed. Based on the results of recent studies, PRK is approved for designated Naval aviators and flight officers; post-PRK students are now allowed into flight training. Wavefront-guided PRK and LASIK are more predictable and provided better results than conventional PRK and LASIK. Femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK is now a waiverable procedure for US military personnel and US Astronauts (excluding Naval aviators, as of this writing).
Since its personnel must meet strict visual requirements to accomplish their mission in a variety of environments, the US Navy places particular emphasis on safety and quality of vision after laser refractive surgery. The US Navy has been evaluating the safety and efficacy of laser refractive surgery since 1993 and will continue to do so.
本文旨在强调美国海军在激光屈光手术领域所做出的众多贡献。它总结并汇集了已发表的论文、全国会议报告以及涉及准分子激光和激光原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）瓣的临床与实验室研究的未发表数据。
在美国海军中，光性屈光性角膜切削术（PRK）是实施最为广泛的屈光手术，但随着飞秒激光辅助LASIK手术的更广泛开展，这一趋势正在缓慢改变。基于近期研究结果，PRK已被批准用于指定的海军飞行员和飞行军官；接受PRK手术后的学员现在被允许进入飞行训练。波前引导的PRK和LASIK比传统的PRK和LASIK更具可预测性，效果也更好。飞秒激光辅助LASIK目前是美国军事人员和美国宇航员（截至撰写本文时，不包括海军飞行员）可豁免的手术。
由于其人员必须满足严格的视力要求才能在各种环境中完成任务，美国海军特别重视激光屈光手术后的安全性和视力质量。自1993年以来，美国海军一直在评估激光屈光手术的安全性和有效性，并将继续这样做。
