Sherwood-Pike M
Department of Russian, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403.
Biosystems. 1991;25(1-2):121-9. doi: 10.1016/0303-2647(91)90018-g.
Both flagellated and nonflagellated fungi have an extensive fossil record, which is, however, unevenly documented and often difficult to interpret. Recent work on Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous terrestrial assemblages has provided plausible evidence for all major groups of extant fungi in the Paleozoic. Key events in fungal macroevolution thus probably took place in the early Paleozoic or the late Precambrian, and the likelihood of finding definitive fossil evidence for them is small. The fossil record also provides evidence for morphological conservatism and early establishment of a spectrum of intimate associations between fungi and vascular plants. A model for the origin of terrestrial fungi involving two distinct lines of biotrophs in lichen-like symbioses with algae is proposed.
有鞭毛和无鞭毛的真菌都有丰富的化石记录，然而，这些记录的记载并不均匀，而且常常难以解读。最近对志留纪、泥盆纪和石炭纪陆地组合的研究为古生代现存真菌的所有主要类群提供了合理的证据。因此，真菌宏观进化的关键事件可能发生在古生代早期或前寒武纪晚期，找到它们的确切化石证据的可能性很小。化石记录还为真菌的形态保守性以及真菌与维管植物之间一系列紧密联系的早期建立提供了证据。本文提出了一个陆地真菌起源的模型，该模型涉及与藻类形成地衣状共生关系的两条不同的生物营养菌系。
