Postma Albert, Kessels Roy P C, van Asselen Marieke
Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008 Oct;32(8):1339-45. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.05.001. Epub 2008 May 6.
Remembering where things are - object-location memory - is essential for daily-life functioning. Functionally, it can be decomposed into at least three distinct processing mechanisms: (a) object processing, (b) spatial-location processing and (c) object to location binding. A neurocognitive model is sketched, which posits a mostly bilateral ventral cortical network supporting object-identity memory, a left fronto-parietal circuit for categorical position processing and working memory aspects, and a right fronto-parietal circuit for coordinate position processing and working memory. Medial temporal lobes and in particular the hippocampus appear essential for object-location binding. It is speculated that categorical object-location binding and episodic memory binding in general depend more on the left-sided areas, whereas coordinate object-location processing and navigation in large scale space involve the right-sided counterparts. The various object-location memory components differ in the extent to which they are automatized or require central effort. While automatic routines protect against brain damage, neural deficits might potentially also lead to a shift upon the automatic-effortful continuum.
记住物品的位置——物体位置记忆——对日常生活功能至关重要。从功能上讲，它至少可分解为三种不同的处理机制：(a)物体处理，(b)空间位置处理，以及(c)物体与位置的绑定。勾勒出了一个神经认知模型，该模型假定一个主要为双侧的腹侧皮质网络支持物体识别记忆，一个左额顶叶回路用于分类位置处理和工作记忆方面，以及一个右额顶叶回路用于坐标位置处理和工作记忆。内侧颞叶尤其是海马体似乎对物体位置绑定至关重要。据推测，一般而言，分类物体位置绑定和情景记忆绑定更多地依赖于左侧区域，而坐标物体位置处理和大规模空间导航则涉及右侧对应区域。各种物体位置记忆成分在自动化程度或所需的中枢努力程度方面存在差异。虽然自动程序可预防脑损伤，但神经缺陷也可能导致在自动-费力连续体上发生转变。
