Ly Lan H, McMurray David N
Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2008 Jul;7(5):635-50. doi: 10.1586/14760584.7.5.635.
TB is presenting new challenges as a global health problem, especially with new threats of HIV coinfection and multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The current TB vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), is the most widely used vaccine worldwide but its efficacy against pulmonary TB in adults in many high-burden countries is limited. Different vaccine strategies will probably be required for the various needs that exist within a population in which some individuals have been previously immunized with BCG, coinfected with HIV and/or latently infected with M. tuberculosis. In the last 15 years, new strategies to improve or replace BCG in the laboratory have led to several promising vaccine candidates that are actively being evaluated in human clinical trials. Some of these new vaccines may eventually be recommended for travelers to TB high-burden countries. This paper summarizes the progress of vaccine candidates in animal models to improve, replace or augment BCG vaccination.
结核病作为一个全球健康问题正呈现出新的挑战，尤其是面对人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）合并感染以及结核分枝杆菌多重耐药和广泛耐药菌株带来的新威胁。当前的结核病疫苗，即卡介苗（BCG），是全球使用最广泛的疫苗，但在许多高负担国家，其对成人肺结核的预防效果有限。对于部分人群中存在的不同需求，可能需要采取不同的疫苗策略，这些人群中有些个体之前已接种过卡介苗，有些合并感染了HIV，和/或潜伏感染了结核分枝杆菌。在过去15年里，实验室中改进或替代卡介苗的新策略催生了几种有前景的候选疫苗，这些疫苗正在人体临床试验中积极接受评估。其中一些新疫苗最终可能会被推荐给前往结核病高负担国家的旅行者。本文总结了用于改进、替代或增强卡介苗接种的候选疫苗在动物模型中的研究进展。
