Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2009 Nov;8(11):1547-53. doi: 10.1586/erv.09.111.
Several new antituberculous vaccine candidates that are effective against primary infection in preclinical animal models have now entered the early phases of clinical trials. Many of these clinical trials involve subunit vaccines, recombinant bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), or improvement of BCG immunity by boosting with subunit vaccines or recombinant viral vectors expressing immunodominant TB antigens. The burning question at this stage is: will the current vaccines be effective in the endemic world where the diverse and complex challenges of TB exist? These challenges include protection of those individuals who are already vaccinated with BCG, those already exposed to environmental mycobacteria and those infected with latent TB or HIV. This review focuses on the available BCG vaccine, new TB vaccines in the pipeline and what type of vaccines are actually needed in high-burden endemic countries.
目前已有几种新的抗结核候选疫苗在临床前动物模型中对原发性感染有效，现已进入临床试验的早期阶段。这些临床试验中有许多涉及亚单位疫苗、重组卡介苗（BCG），或通过亚单位疫苗或表达免疫优势 TB 抗原的重组病毒载体增强 BCG 免疫。现阶段的一个热门问题是：在存在多种复杂 TB 挑战的流行地区，当前的疫苗是否有效？这些挑战包括保护那些已经接种过 BCG 的人、那些已经接触过环境分枝杆菌的人以及那些感染了潜伏性结核或 HIV 的人。本文重点介绍现有的 BCG 疫苗、新的结核疫苗以及高负担流行国家实际需要哪种类型的疫苗。
