Lin D-C, Du X-L, Wang M-R
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Dis Esophagus. 2009;22(1):9-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2008.00845.x. Epub 2008 Jun 17.
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant histological subtype of esophageal cancer in Asia, characterized by high incidence and mortality rate. Although significant progress has been made in surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, the prognosis of the patients with this cancer still remains poor. Investigation into protein alterations that occurred in tumors can provide clues to discover new biomarkers for improving diagnosis and guiding targeted therapy. Hundreds of papers have appeared over the past several decades concerning protein alterations in ESCC. This review summarizes all the dysregulated proteins investigated in the disease from 187 published papers and analyzes their contributions to tumor development and progression. We document protein alterations associated with tumor metastasis and the transition from normal esophageal epithelia to dysplasia in order to reveal the most useful markers for prediction of clinical outcome, early detection, and identification of high-risk patients for targeted therapies. In particular, we discuss the largest and most rigorous studies on prognostic implications of proteins in ESCC, in which cyclin D1, p53, E-cadherin and VEGF appeared to have the strongest evidence as independent predictors of patient outcome.
食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）是亚洲食管癌的主要组织学亚型，其特点是发病率和死亡率高。尽管在手术和辅助放化疗方面取得了显著进展，但这种癌症患者的预后仍然很差。对肿瘤中发生的蛋白质改变进行研究可以为发现改善诊断和指导靶向治疗的新生物标志物提供线索。在过去几十年里，已有数百篇关于ESCC蛋白质改变的论文发表。本综述总结了从187篇已发表论文中研究的所有失调蛋白，并分析了它们对肿瘤发生和进展的作用。我们记录了与肿瘤转移以及从正常食管上皮向发育异常转变相关的蛋白质改变，以揭示预测临床结果、早期检测和识别靶向治疗高危患者最有用的标志物。特别是，我们讨论了关于ESCC中蛋白质预后意义的规模最大、最严谨的研究，其中细胞周期蛋白D1、p53、E-钙黏蛋白和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）作为患者预后独立预测因子的证据似乎最为确凿。
