Ritter S B
Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991 Aug;18(2):569-80. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(91)90616-h.
Transesophageal echocardiography using Doppler color flow mapping with both single plane transverse and longitudinal pediatric probes was performed in 127 infants and children both intraoperatively and postoperatively. The 127 patients ranged in age from 1 day to 18 years (mean 37 months) and in weight from 2.4 to 45 kg (mean 13.2); 157 studies were successfully performed (100% of attempted) with no complications. Transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiography combined with pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound and color flow mapping provided detailed morphologic as well as physiologic information, with additional information provided overall in 56% of the cases. Typical limitations of single-plane transverse imaging were overcome using a prototype longitudinal-axis pediatric probe. Both left and right ventricular outflow tracts, distal pulmonary arteries and all of the interventricular and atrial septa were visualized. Assessment of surgical repair intraoperatively as well as assessment postoperatively for cardiac function, residual intracardiac shunts, residual valvular sequelae and other hemodynamic events was important and easily performed in an otherwise inaccessible patient. Transesophageal echocardiography in infants and in small children is a valuable "noninvasive" imaging technique that offers important additional and complementary information.
使用单平面横向和纵向儿科探头的多普勒彩色血流图经食管超声心动图在127例婴儿和儿童中进行了术中及术后检查。127例患者年龄从1天至18岁（平均37个月），体重从2.4至45千克（平均13.2千克）；成功进行了157次检查（占尝试次数的100%），无并发症。经食管二维超声心动图结合脉冲波多普勒超声和彩色血流图提供了详细的形态学以及生理学信息，56%的病例还提供了其他总体信息。使用原型纵轴儿科探头克服了单平面横向成像的典型局限性。左、右心室流出道、远端肺动脉以及所有室间隔和房间隔均清晰可见。术中评估手术修复情况以及术后评估心功能、残余心内分流、残余瓣膜后遗症和其他血流动力学事件很重要，并且在其他情况下难以检查的患者中很容易进行。婴儿和幼儿的经食管超声心动图是一种有价值的“非侵入性”成像技术，可提供重要的额外和补充信息。
