Molde Helge, Pallesen Ståle, Bartone Paul, Hystad Sigurd, Johnsen Bjørn Helge
Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway.
Scand J Psychol. 2009 Feb;50(1):55-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2008.00667.x. Epub 2008 Jun 19.
There is evidence that young people are at high risk of developing gambling disorders. The prevalence and correlates of gambling among youth therefore merit closer study. During spring 2004, a sample of 1,351 boys and girls (aged 16-19 years) from 151 high-school classes (clusters) participated in an internet survey about gambling. The response rate was 69.8%. The instruments used in the survey were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Massachusetts Adolescent Gambling Screen, in addition to questions about demography. Controlling for the design effect, the estimated prevalence rate was 2.5% for pathological gambling and 1.9% for problem gambling. In all, 7.3% of the boys and 0.6% of the girls fulfilled the criteria for pathological or problem gambling. The results of item analysis of the DSM-IV subscale of MAGS provide support for differential item functioning between boys and girls. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that gender (male: OR = 9.09), depression (OR = 9.23), alcohol abuse (OR = 3.62), and dissociation (OR = 1.96) were related to problem and pathological gambling. These results support the view that gambling disorders are best understood as part of an addictive behavior spectrum (Jacobs, 2000).
有证据表明年轻人患赌博障碍的风险很高。因此，青少年赌博的患病率及其相关因素值得进一步研究。2004年春季，来自151个高中班级（群组）的1351名男孩和女孩（年龄在16 - 19岁之间）参与了一项关于赌博的网络调查。回复率为69.8%。调查中使用的工具除了人口统计学问题外，还有医院焦虑抑郁量表、酒精使用障碍识别测试和马萨诸塞州青少年赌博筛查量表。控制设计效应后，病理性赌博的估计患病率为2.5%，问题赌博的估计患病率为1.9%。总体而言，7.3%的男孩和0.6%的女孩符合病理性或问题赌博的标准。对马萨诸塞州青少年赌博筛查量表（MAGS）的DSM - IV子量表进行的项目分析结果支持了男孩和女孩之间存在项目功能差异的观点。多元逻辑回归分析显示，性别（男性：比值比 = 9.09）、抑郁（比值比 = 9.23）、酒精滥用（比值比 = 3.62）和解离（比值比 = 1.96）与问题和病理性赌博有关。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即赌博障碍最好被理解为成瘾行为谱的一部分（雅各布斯，2000年）。
