Larson Nicole I, Neumark-Sztainer Dianne R, Story Mary T, Wall Melanie M, Harnack Lisa J, Eisenberg Marla E
Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2008 Jul;43(1):79-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.12.005. Epub 2008 Mar 10.
Frequent fast food intake is associated with poorer diet quality and greater weight gain. The aims of this study were to describe changes in fast food intake during the transition from middle adolescence to young adulthood, and to identify baseline correlates of this eating behavior in early young adulthood.
Data were drawn from Project EAT, a population-based, longitudinal study in Minnesota. Surveys were completed by 935 females and 751 males in high school classrooms at baseline (1998-1999; mean age = 15.9 years) and by mail at follow-up (2003-2004; mean age = 20.5 years).
Frequent intake of fast food (> or =3 times/week) was reported by 24% of males and 21% of females during adolescence. At follow-up, in early young adulthood the eating behavior increased among males (33%, p < .001), and there was no further increase among females (23%; p = .16). Baseline snack frequency was positively associated with frequency of fast food intake at follow-up among both genders. Baseline peer support for healthy eating among males and both concern about health and self-efficacy for healthy eating among females were inversely related to follow-up fast food intake. Among females, baseline perceptions of time and taste barriers to healthy eating, lunch frequency, television viewing, and unhealthy food availability at home were also positively associated with follow-up fast food intake.
Interventions are needed to address the high prevalence of frequent fast food intake among adolescents and young adults. Health professionals should help young people identify convenient and healthful food choices for meals and snacks consumed away from home.
频繁摄入快餐与较差的饮食质量和更多的体重增加相关。本研究的目的是描述从青春期中期到青年期过渡期间快餐摄入量的变化，并确定青年早期这种饮食行为的基线相关因素。
数据来自明尼苏达州一项基于人群的纵向研究“饮食项目”。在基线时（1998 - 1999年；平均年龄 = 15.9岁），935名女性和751名男性在高中教室完成了调查，随访时（2003 - 2004年；平均年龄 = 20.5岁）通过邮件完成调查。
青春期期间，24%的男性和21%的女性报告频繁摄入快餐（≥每周3次）。随访时，在青年早期，男性的这种饮食行为增加（33%，p <.001），而女性没有进一步增加（23%；p = 0.16）。基线时零食频率与随访时男女双方的快餐摄入频率呈正相关。男性基线时同伴对健康饮食的支持以及女性对健康的关注和健康饮食的自我效能感与随访时的快餐摄入呈负相关。在女性中，基线时对健康饮食的时间和口味障碍的认知、午餐频率、看电视以及家中不健康食品的可得性也与随访时的快餐摄入呈正相关。
需要采取干预措施来解决青少年和青年中频繁摄入快餐的高流行率问题。健康专业人员应帮助年轻人确定在离家用餐和吃零食时方便且健康的食物选择。
