Belhadj Assia, Telef Nadège, Cluzet Stéphanie, Bouscaut Jérôme, Corio-Costet Marie-France, Mérillon Jean-Michel
Laboratoire de Sciences Vegetales, Mycologie et Biotechnologie, EA 3675, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Universite Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Jul 23;56(14):5781-7. doi: 10.1021/jf800578c. Epub 2008 Jun 21.
The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is susceptible to many pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, Plasmopara viticola, Erysiphe necator, and Eutypa lata. Phytochemicals are used extensively in vineyards to reduce pathogen infections, but the appearance of pesticide-resistant pathogen strains and the need for environmental protection require the use of alternative strategies. The phytohormone ethylene is assumed to play a role in the development of disease resistance. In the present study, we have treated grapevine foliar cuttings (Cabernet Sauvignon) with ethylene-releasing ethephon. This resulted in an increase in the number of pathogenesis-related protein (CHIT4c, PIN, PGIP, and GLU) gene copies and in an enhancement of phytoalexin biosynthesis by inducing the PAL and STS genes that correlated with the accumulation of stilbenes (antimicrobial compounds). Moreover, ethephon treatment triggered the protection of grapevine detached leaves and grapevine foliar cuttings against Erysiphe necator, the causal agent of powdery mildew (64% and 70%, respectively). These studies emphasize the major role of ethylene in grapevine defense.
葡萄（欧亚种葡萄）易受多种病原体的侵害，如灰葡萄孢、葡萄霜霉病菌、葡萄白粉病菌和葡萄顶枯病菌。植物化学物质在葡萄园被广泛用于减少病原体感染，但抗农药病原体菌株的出现以及环境保护的需求促使人们使用替代策略。植物激素乙烯被认为在抗病性的发展中发挥作用。在本研究中，我们用释放乙烯的乙烯利处理了葡萄叶片插条（赤霞珠）。这导致了病程相关蛋白（几丁质酶4c、几丁质酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶）基因拷贝数增加，并通过诱导与芪类化合物（抗菌化合物）积累相关的苯丙氨酸解氨酶和芪合酶基因，增强了植保素的生物合成。此外，乙烯利处理使葡萄离体叶片和葡萄叶片插条对白粉病病原体葡萄白粉病菌产生了保护作用（分别为64%和70%）。这些研究强调了乙烯在葡萄防御中的主要作用。
