Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences, UMR 1287 Ecophysiology and Grape Functional Genomics, University of Bordeaux, INRA, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
J Exp Bot. 2010 Jun;61(6):1719-37. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erq040. Epub 2010 Feb 26.
Eutypa dieback is a vascular disease that may severely affect vineyards throughout the world. In the present work, microarrays were made in order (i) to improve our knowledge of grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon) responses to Eutypa lata, the causal agent of Eutypa dieback; and (ii) to identify genes that may prevent symptom development. Qiagen/Operon grapevine microarrays comprising 14,500 probes were used to compare, under three experimental conditions (in vitro, in the greenhouse, and in the vineyard), foliar material of infected symptomatic plants (S(+)R(+)), infected asymptomatic plants (S(-)R(+)), and healthy plants (S(-)R(-)). These plants were characterized by symptom notation after natural (vineyard) or experimental (in vitro and greenhouse) infection, re-isolation of the fungus located in the lignified parts, and the formal identification of E. lata mycelium by PCR. Semi-quantitative real-time PCR experiments were run to confirm the expression of some genes of interest in response to E. lata. Their expression profiles were also studied in response to other grapevine pathogens (Erysiphe necator, Plasmopara viticola, and Botrytis cinerea). (i) Five functional categories of genes, that is those involved in metabolism, defence reactions, interaction with the environment, transport, and transcription, were up-regulated in S(+)R(+) plants compared with S(-)R(-) plants. These genes, which cannot prevent infection and symptom development, are not specific since they were also up-regulated after infection by powdery mildew, downy mildew, and black rot. (ii) Most of the genes that may prevent symptom development are associated with the light phase of photosynthesis. This finding is discussed in the context of previous data on the mode of action of eutypin and the polypeptide fraction secreted by Eutypa.
葡萄栓皮病是一种世界性的葡萄维管束病害，会严重影响葡萄园。本研究通过微阵列分析，（i）增进我们对葡萄（Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon）应对葡萄栓皮病病原菌长喙壳菌（Eutypa lata）的反应的了解；（ii）识别可能阻止症状发展的基因。Qiagen/Operon 葡萄微阵列包含 14500 个探针，用于在三种实验条件（体外、温室和葡萄园）下比较感染有症状（S(+)R(+)）、感染无症状（S(-)R(+)）和健康（S(-)R(-)）植株的叶片材料。这些植物通过自然（葡萄园）或实验（体外和温室）感染后进行症状标记、在木质化部分重新分离真菌、以及通过 PCR 对长喙壳菌菌丝体进行正式鉴定来进行特征描述。进行半定量实时 PCR 实验以确认一些感兴趣基因对长喙壳菌的表达。还研究了它们对其他葡萄病原体（葡萄白粉菌、葡萄霜霉病菌和葡萄灰霉病菌）的反应。（i）与 S(-)R(-)植物相比，S(+)R(+)植物中参与代谢、防御反应、与环境相互作用、运输和转录的五个功能类别的基因上调。这些基因不能预防感染和症状发展，因为它们在感染白粉病、霜霉病和黑腐病后也被上调。（ii）可能阻止症状发展的大多数基因与光合作用的光相有关。这一发现是在关于 eutypin 作用模式和长喙壳菌分泌的多肽片段的先前数据的背景下讨论的。
