Domínguez-Berjón M Felícitas, Borrell Carme, Cano-Serral Gemma, Esnaola Santiago, Nolasco Andreu, Pasarín M Isabel, Ramis Rebeca, Saurina Carme, Escolar-Pujolar Antonio
Servicio de Informes de Salud y Estudios, Instituto de Salud Pública, Dirección General de Salud Pública y Alimentación, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, España.
Gac Sanit. 2008 May-Jun;22(3):179-87. doi: 10.1157/13123961.
a) To describe the methodology used to construct a deprivation index by census tract in cities, to identify the tracts with the least favorable socioeconomic conditions, and b) to analyze the association between this index and overall mortality.
Several socioeconomic indicators (Census 2001) were defined by the census tracts of the following cities: Barcelona, Bilbao, Madrid, Seville and Valencia. The correlations with the standardized mortality ratio (1996-2003), and the dimensionality of the socioeconomic indicators were studied. Finally, the selected indicators were aggregated in an index, in which the results of the factor loadings from extraction of a factor by principal components were used as weighting values.
The indicators with the strongest correlations with overall mortality were those related to work, education, housing conditions and single parent homes. In the analysis of dimensionality, a first dimension appeared that contained indicators related to work (unemployment, manual and eventual workers) and education (insufficient education overall and in young people). In all the cities studied, the index created with these 5 indicators explained more than 75% of their variability. The correlations between this index and mortality generally showed higher values than those obtained with each indicator separately.
The deprivation index proposed could be a useful instrument for health planning as it detects small areas of large cities with unfavorable socioeconomic characteristics and is associated with mortality. This index could contribute to the study of social inequalities in health in Spain.
a) 描述用于按城市普查区构建贫困指数的方法，以识别社会经济条件最不利的普查区；b) 分析该指数与总体死亡率之间的关联。
通过巴塞罗那、毕尔巴鄂、马德里、塞维利亚和瓦伦西亚等城市的普查区定义了若干社会经济指标（2001年人口普查数据）。研究了这些指标与标准化死亡率（1996 - 2003年）的相关性以及社会经济指标的维度。最后，将选定的指标汇总成一个指数，其中主成分提取因子的因子载荷结果用作加权值。
与总体死亡率相关性最强的指标是与工作、教育、住房条件和单亲家庭相关的指标。在维度分析中，出现了一个第一维度，其中包含与工作（失业、体力劳动者和临时工人）和教育（总体教育不足以及年轻人教育不足）相关的指标。在所有研究的城市中，用这5个指标创建的指数解释了其变异性的75%以上。该指数与死亡率之间的相关性通常比单独使用每个指标时获得的相关性值更高。
所提出的贫困指数可能是健康规划的一个有用工具，因为它能检测出大城市中社会经济特征不利的小区域，并且与死亡率相关。该指数有助于西班牙健康领域社会不平等问题的研究。
