Johnson L W
U.S. Peace Corps, Washington, D.C.
Am Fam Physician. 1991 Aug;44(2):471-8.
The incidence of malaria in travelers returning to the United States has been increasing. Persons visiting areas where malaria is endemic should use insect repellent, wear clothing that covers the arms and legs, and remain in screened areas between dusk and dawn. Chemoprophylaxis for travelers consists of weekly doses of chloroquine; a new drug, mefloquine, should be used in the increasing number of countries where chloroquine-resistant malaria is found. Travelers to these areas should carry three tablets of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine, which should be taken for presumptive treatment of malaria at the onset of chills and fever. It is essential that chemoprophylaxis be continued for four to five weeks after departure from endemic areas. In travelers who develop symptoms of malaria after returning from an endemic area, it is imperative that treatment be started even if blood smears are negative.
返回美国的旅行者中疟疾发病率一直在上升。前往疟疾流行地区的人应使用驱虫剂，穿覆盖手臂和腿部的衣物，并在黄昏至黎明期间待在有纱窗的区域。旅行者的化学预防措施包括每周服用氯喹；在发现对氯喹耐药疟疾的国家越来越多的情况下，应使用一种新药甲氟喹。前往这些地区的旅行者应携带三片乙胺嘧啶-磺胺多辛，在寒战和发热开始时用于疟疾的推定治疗。从流行地区出发后，必须持续进行四至五周的化学预防。从流行地区返回后出现疟疾症状的旅行者，即使血涂片呈阴性，也必须开始治疗。
