Pathan A K, Bond J, Gaskin R E
Plant Protection Chemistry NZ, PO Box 6282, Rotorua, New Zealand.
Micron. 2008 Dec;39(8):1049-61. doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2008.05.006. Epub 2008 May 27.
Plant tissues must be dehydrated for observation in most electron microscopes. Although a number of sample processing techniques have been developed for preserving plant tissues in their original form and structure, none of them are guaranteed artefact-free. The current paper reviews common scanning electron microscopy techniques and the sample preparation methods employed for visualisation of leaves under specific types of electron microscopes. Common artefacts introduced by specific techniques on different leaf types are discussed. Comparative examples are depicted from our lab using similar techniques; the pros and cons for specific techniques are discussed. New promising techniques and microscopes, which can alleviate some of the problems encountered in conventional methods of leaf sample processing and visualisation, are also discussed. It is concluded that the choice of technique for a specific leaf sample is dictated by the surface features that need to be preserved (such as trichomes, epidermal cells or wax microstructure), the resolution to be achieved, availability of the appropriate processing equipment and the technical capabilities of the available electron microscope.
在大多数电子显微镜下观察植物组织时，必须对其进行脱水处理。尽管已经开发出了许多用于保持植物组织原始形态和结构的样品处理技术，但没有一种能保证无假象。本文综述了常见的扫描电子显微镜技术以及在特定类型电子显微镜下观察叶片所采用的样品制备方法。讨论了特定技术在不同叶片类型上产生的常见假象。文中展示了我们实验室使用类似技术的对比示例，并讨论了特定技术的优缺点。还讨论了一些有前景的新技术和显微镜，它们可以缓解传统叶片样品处理和观察方法中遇到的一些问题。得出的结论是，对于特定叶片样品的技术选择取决于需要保留的表面特征（如毛状体、表皮细胞或蜡质微观结构）、要达到的分辨率、合适处理设备的可用性以及现有电子显微镜的技术能力。
