Pacharinsak Cholawat, Beitz Alvin
Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School ofMedicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Comp Med. 2008 Jun;58(3):220-33.
Modern cancer therapies have significantly increased patient survival rates in both human and veterinary medicine. Since cancer patients live longer they now face new challenges resulting from severe, chronic tumor-induced pain. Unrelieved cancer pain significantly decreases the quality of life of such patients; thus the goal of pain management is to not only to alleviate pain, but also to maintain the patient's physiological and psychological well-being. The major impediment for developing new treatments for cancer pain has been our limited knowledge of the basic mechanisms that drive cancer pain and the lack of adequate animal cancer pain models to study the molecular, biochemical and neurobiological pathways that generate and maintain cancer pain. However this situation has recently changed with the recent development of several novel animal models of cancer pain. This review will focus on describing these animal models, many of them in rodents, and reviewing some of the recent information gained from the use of these models to investigate the basic mechanims that underlie the development and maintenance of cancer pain. Animal models of cancer pain can be divided into the following five categories: bone cancer pain models, non-bone cancer pain models, cancer invasion pain models, cancer chemotherapeutic-induced peripheral neuropathy models, and spontaneous occurring cancer pain models. These models will be important not only for enhancing our knowledge of how cancer pain is generated, but more importantly for the development of novel therapeutic regimes to treat cancer pain in both domestic animals and humans.
现代癌症疗法显著提高了人类和兽医学患者的生存率。由于癌症患者寿命延长，他们现在面临着由严重的慢性肿瘤引起的疼痛所带来的新挑战。未缓解的癌症疼痛会显著降低此类患者的生活质量；因此，疼痛管理的目标不仅是减轻疼痛，还要维持患者的生理和心理健康。开发癌症疼痛新疗法的主要障碍在于，我们对引发癌症疼痛的基本机制了解有限，且缺乏足够的动物癌症疼痛模型来研究产生和维持癌症疼痛的分子、生化和神经生物学途径。然而，随着最近几种新型癌症疼痛动物模型的开发，这种情况最近有所改变。本综述将重点描述这些动物模型（其中许多是啮齿动物模型），并回顾一些通过使用这些模型获得的最新信息，以研究癌症疼痛发生和维持的基本机制。癌症疼痛动物模型可分为以下五类：骨癌疼痛模型、非骨癌疼痛模型、癌症侵袭疼痛模型、癌症化疗引起的周围神经病变模型和自发发生的癌症疼痛模型。这些模型不仅对于增进我们对癌症疼痛如何产生的了解很重要，更重要的是对于开发治疗家畜和人类癌症疼痛的新型治疗方案具有重要意义。
