Attachment theory and multiple integrated treatments of borderline patients.

The clinical management of borderline personality disorder (BPD) commonly employs treatments administered in different settings by different clinicians (e.g., individual psychotherapy and drug prescriptions, or individual and group psychotherapies). The general consensus of clinicians on the importance of using different therapists and different settings simultaneously in treating borderline patients is acknowledged by the guidelines for the treatment of BPD provided by the American Psychiatric Association. This widespread type of clinical practice is not supported, however, by a unifying theoretical model explaining the specific effects of a multiple therapist, multi-setting approach in treating BPD.