Baillieux Hanne, De Smet Hyo Jung, Paquier Philippe F, De Deyn Peter P, Mariën Peter
Department of Linguistics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire Erasme ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2008 Sep;110(8):763-73. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2008.05.013. Epub 2008 Jul 7.
The traditional view on the core functions of the cerebellum consists of the regulation of motor coordination, balance and motor speech. However, during the past decades results from neuroanatomical, neuroimaging and clinical studies have substantially extended the functional role of the cerebellum to cognitive and affective regulation. Neuroanatomical studies convincingly showed cerebellar connectivity with associative areas of the cerebral cortex involved in higher cognitive functioning, while functional neuroimaging provided evidence of cerebellar activation during a variety of cognitive tasks. In addition, more systematic neuropsychological research performed in patients with cerebellar lesions and the development of more sensitive neuropsychological tests allowed clinicians to identify significant cognitive and affective disturbances following cerebellar damage. In this review, an overview is presented of the cerebellar role in a variety of cognitive processes, such as executive functioning, memory, learning, attention, visuo-spatial regulation, language and behavioral-affective modulation. In addition, recent evidence with regard to cerebellar induced clinical entities such as the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) and the posterior fossa syndrome (PFS), will be discussed. Although extensive research has substantially broadened the insights in the cognitive and affective role of the cerebellum, the precise nature of the cerebellar contribution to cognitive and affective regulation is not yet clear. In this review experimental and clinical data will be discussed that substantiate the presumed neurobiological mechanisms underlying the cognitive and affective modulatory role of the cerebellum.
关于小脑核心功能的传统观点包括对运动协调、平衡和运动性言语的调节。然而，在过去几十年中，神经解剖学、神经影像学和临床研究的结果已将小脑的功能作用大幅扩展至认知和情感调节方面。神经解剖学研究令人信服地表明，小脑与参与高级认知功能的大脑皮质联合区域存在联系，而功能性神经影像学则为各种认知任务期间小脑的激活提供了证据。此外，对小脑病变患者进行的更系统的神经心理学研究以及更敏感的神经心理学测试的开发，使临床医生能够识别出小脑损伤后出现的显著认知和情感障碍。在本综述中，将概述小脑在各种认知过程中的作用，如执行功能、记忆、学习、注意力、视觉空间调节、语言和行为情感调节。此外，还将讨论有关小脑引发的临床病症的最新证据，如小脑认知情感综合征（CCAS）和后颅窝综合征（PFS）。尽管广泛的研究已大幅拓宽了对小脑在认知和情感方面作用的认识，但小脑对认知和情感调节的确切贡献性质仍不清楚。在本综述中，将讨论实验和临床数据，这些数据证实了小脑在认知和情感调节作用背后假定的神经生物学机制。
