Pinto Emilia M, Bronstein Marcello D
Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2008 Jun;52(4):599-610. doi: 10.1590/s0004-27302008000400005.
Pituitary tumors, almost invariably adenomas, are of frequent occurrence, accounting for 10% to 15% of all the intracranial neoplasm. They are classified as microadenomas (< 10 mm) or macroadenomas (> 10 mm) and as secreting or clinically non-secreting (or not functioning) adenomas. These tumors are autonomously capable to release pituitary hormones such as the growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The occurrence of metastases, characterizing a pituitary carcinoma, is exceedingly rare. However tumors with aggressive behavior, leading to local invasion, are relatively common. Although the pathogenesis of pituitary tumors is fully characterized, many molecular mechanisms of pituitary tumorigenesis had already been revealed. This review intends to describe advances in the understanding of the involved advances that have been made in the last decade concerning pituitary tumors progression, including the participation of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and growth factors.
垂体肿瘤几乎均为腺瘤，发病率较高，占所有颅内肿瘤的10%至15%。它们被分为微腺瘤（<10毫米）或大腺瘤（>10毫米），以及分泌型或临床非分泌型（或无功能）腺瘤。这些肿瘤能够自主释放垂体激素，如生长激素（GH）、催乳素（PRL）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）、促卵泡激素（FSH）和黄体生成素（LH）。垂体癌发生转移的情况极为罕见。然而，具有侵袭性行为并导致局部侵犯的肿瘤相对常见。尽管垂体肿瘤的发病机制已得到充分阐明，但垂体肿瘤发生的许多分子机制早已被揭示。本综述旨在描述过去十年中在垂体肿瘤进展相关研究方面取得的进展，包括癌基因、肿瘤抑制基因和生长因子的参与情况。
