Ekmektzoglou Konstantinos A, Samelis Georgios F, Xanthos Theodoros
Department of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N. S. Christeas', University of Athens, Medical School, Greece.
J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2008 Aug;9(8):769-77. doi: 10.2459/JCM.0b013e3282f88e49.
Cardiac neoplasms, whether primary or secondary, are more and more easily diagnosed in the present era. For the primary heart tumors, myxomas and sarcomas constitute the most common neoplasms, whereas for the secondary ones, lung cancer constitutes the most common primary location. Cardiac neoplasms may involve the endocardium, the myocardium, the epicardium, the valves or any combination of these. Their clinical manifestations are not specific and depend on their anatomic location and size. Diagnosis of cardiac neoplasms has become more feasible with the use of echocardiography and other imaging techniques (computed tomography and magnetic resonance). The major problem, however, still remains that most diagnoses are late, especially for malignant tumors. For resectable tumors, surgery remains the mainstay of treatment, whereas for metastatic disease palliative treatment remains the only therapeutic option. This paper reviews the types of heart tumors, their clinical symptoms, the diagnostic approaches and the therapeutic tools used by physicians.
在当今时代，心脏肿瘤，无论是原发性还是继发性，都越来越容易被诊断出来。对于原发性心脏肿瘤，黏液瘤和肉瘤是最常见的肿瘤，而对于继发性心脏肿瘤，肺癌是最常见的原发部位。心脏肿瘤可能累及心内膜、心肌、心包、瓣膜或这些结构的任意组合。它们的临床表现不具有特异性，取决于其解剖位置和大小。随着超声心动图和其他成像技术（计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像）的应用，心脏肿瘤的诊断变得更加可行。然而，主要问题仍然是大多数诊断较晚，尤其是对于恶性肿瘤。对于可切除的肿瘤，手术仍然是主要的治疗方法，而对于转移性疾病，姑息治疗仍然是唯一的治疗选择。本文综述了心脏肿瘤的类型、临床症状、诊断方法以及医生使用的治疗手段。
