Fry Heidi R C, Ryall Krista L, Dixon Peggy L, Quiring Dan T
Population Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.
J Econ Entomol. 2008 Jun;101(3):822-8. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493(2008)101[822:soeslg]2.0.co;2.
Trees in an urban forest are highly valued because they have esthetic appeal, provide shade, and improve air quality. During the past 5 yr (2002-2006) in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, the elm spanworm, Ennomos subsignaria (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), has reached outbreak densities. Each year, hundreds of trees have been completely defoliated, and many more trees have been partially defoliated. Adding to this problem, the larvae, their silk strands, and their frass are a considerable nuisance to property owners in areas of high larval densities. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of three doses of bole-implanted acephate (AceCap 97) for reducing densities and associated defoliation of E. subsignaria on sycamore maple, Acer pseudoplatanus L. (Aceraceae). During the treatment year (2005), all three doses significantly reduced E. subsignaria larval and pupal density; full or two-thirds doses significantly reduced defoliation compared with control trees. During the posttreatment year (2006), bole-implanted acephate did not affect E. subsignaria egg mass density, survival (= adult emergence), or defoliation. Bole-implanted acephate is an effective and practical way of suppressing E. subsignaria densities and herbivory in an urban forest where the protection of high-value trees and the reduction of environmental contamination are of utmost importance.
城市森林中的树木具有很高的价值，因为它们具有美学吸引力、提供树荫并改善空气质量。在过去5年（2002 - 2006年）里，加拿大纽芬兰与拉布拉多省圣约翰市的榆尺蠖（Ennomos subsignaria (Hübner)，鳞翅目：尺蛾科）达到了爆发密度。每年，数百棵树木被完全落叶，还有更多树木部分落叶。更糟糕的是，在幼虫密度高的地区，幼虫、它们的丝以及粪便给业主带来了很大困扰。在本研究中，我们评估了三种剂量的树干注射乙酰甲胺磷（AceCap 97）对降低挪威槭（Acer pseudoplatanus L.，槭树科）上榆尺蠖的密度及相关落叶情况的效果。在处理年份（2005年），所有三种剂量都显著降低了榆尺蠖幼虫和蛹的密度；与对照树相比，全剂量或三分之二剂量显著减少了落叶。在处理后年份（2006年），树干注射乙酰甲胺磷对榆尺蠖的卵块密度、存活率（即成虫羽化率）或落叶情况没有影响。在城市森林中，保护高价值树木和减少环境污染至关重要，树干注射乙酰甲胺磷是抑制榆尺蠖密度和食叶危害的一种有效且实用的方法。
