Grisold W, Oberndorfer S, Struhal W
LBI NeuroOncology, KFJ Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
Acta Neurol Scand. 2009 Jan;119(1):1-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01059.x.
Stroke is a disabling disease and can add to the burden of patients already suffering from cancer. Several major mechanisms of stroke exist in cancer patients, which can be directly tumour related, because of coagulation disorders, infections, and therapy related. Stroke can also occur as the first sign of cancer, or lead to its detection. The classical literature suggests that stroke occurs more frequently in cancer patients than in the average population. More recent studies report a very similar incidence between cancer and non-cancer patients. However, there are several cancer-specific types and causes of stroke in cancer patients, which need to be considered in each patient. This review classifies stroke into ischaemic, haemorrhagic, cerebral venous thrombosis and other rarer types of cerebrovascular disease. Its aim is to identify the types of stroke most frequently associated with cancer, and give a practical view on the most common and most specific types of stroke. The diagnosis of the cause of stroke in cancer patients is crucial for treatment and prevention. Management of different stroke types will be briefly discussed.
中风是一种致残性疾病，会加重已患癌症患者的负担。癌症患者存在几种主要的中风机制，可能与肿瘤直接相关，也可能是由于凝血障碍、感染及治疗相关因素导致。中风也可能作为癌症的首发症状出现，或促使癌症被发现。经典文献表明，癌症患者中风的发生率高于普通人群。最近的研究报告称，癌症患者与非癌症患者的中风发生率非常相似。然而，癌症患者存在几种特定类型且由癌症引发的中风，对每位患者都需加以考虑。本综述将中风分为缺血性、出血性、脑静脉血栓形成及其他较罕见的脑血管疾病类型。其目的是确定与癌症最常相关的中风类型，并对最常见和最具特异性的中风类型给出实际观点。诊断癌症患者的中风病因对于治疗和预防至关重要。将简要讨论不同类型中风的管理。
