Värnik Airi, Kõlves Kairi, Allik Jüri, Arensman Ella, Aromaa Esa, van Audenhove Chantal, Bouleau Jean-Hervé, van der Feltz-Cornelis Christina M, Giupponi Giancarlo, Gusmão Ricardo, Kopp Maria, Marusic Andrej, Maxwell Margaret, Oskarsson Högni, Palmer Ann, Pull Charles, Realo Anu, Reisch Thomas, Schmidtke Armin, Pérez Sola Victor, Wittenburg Lisa, Hegerl Ulrich
Estonian-Swedish Mental Health and Suicidology Institute, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia.
J Affect Disord. 2009 Mar;113(3):216-26. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.06.004. Epub 2008 Jul 14.
No recent cross-country examinations for youth suicide trends and methods for Europe were found.
The aim of the study is to specify differences in suicide rates, trends and methods used among 15-24 years olds by gender across 15 European countries.
Data for 14,738 suicide cases in the age group 15-24 in 2000-2004/5 were obtained and analysed.
Suicide rates ranged 5.5-35.1 for males and 1.3-8.5 for females. Statistically significant decline since 2000 was observed in Germany, Scotland, Spain, and England for males and in Ireland for females. Hanging was most frequently used for both genders, followed by jumping and use of a moving object for males and jumping and poisoning by drugs for females. Male suicides had a higher risk than females of using firearms and hanging and lower risk of poisoning by drugs and jumping. There were large differences between single countries.
The limitations of the study are the small numbers of specific suicide methods in some countries as well as the re-categorisation of ICD-9 codes into ICD-10 in England, Ireland and Portugal. Further, the use of suicides (X60-X84) without events of undetermined deaths (Y10-Y34) continues to be problematic considering the possibility of "hidden suicides".
The present study shows that suicide rates among young males are decreasing since 2000 in several European countries. Analysis of suicide methods confirms that there is a very high proportion of hanging in youths, which is extremely difficult to restrict. However, besides hanging there are also high rates of preventable suicide methods and reducing the availability of means should be one of the goals of suicide prevention.
未发现近期有关欧洲青少年自杀趋势及方法的跨国研究。
本研究旨在明确15个欧洲国家中15至24岁青少年按性别划分的自杀率、趋势及所用方法的差异。
获取并分析了2000 - 2004/5年期间15至24岁年龄组14738例自杀案例的数据。
男性自杀率在5.5至35.1之间，女性在1.3至8.5之间。自2000年以来，德国、苏格兰、西班牙和英格兰的男性以及爱尔兰的女性自杀率出现了统计学上的显著下降。上吊是男女最常使用的自杀方式，其次是跳楼，男性还会使用移动物体，女性则是跳楼和药物中毒。男性自杀使用枪支和上吊的风险高于女性，而药物中毒和跳楼的风险低于女性。各国之间存在很大差异。
本研究的局限性在于一些国家特定自杀方法的案例数量较少，以及英格兰、爱尔兰和葡萄牙将国际疾病分类第九版（ICD - 9）编码重新分类为国际疾病分类第十版（ICD - 10）。此外，考虑到“隐性自杀”的可能性，使用无未确定死亡事件（Y10 - Y34）的自杀案例（X60 - X84）仍然存在问题。
本研究表明，自2000年以来，几个欧洲国家年轻男性的自杀率在下降。对自杀方法的分析证实，青少年中上吊的比例非常高，极难加以限制。然而，除上吊外，可预防的自杀方法比例也很高，减少自杀手段的可得性应是预防自杀的目标之一。
