Bremer Christoph
Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2008(185 Pt 2):3-12. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-77496-9_1.
Molecular imaging requires the highest possible signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) at the target of interest. In order to maximize the SNR for optical imaging techniques, various strategies have been developed to design fluorescent probes that can be activated, for example, by proteolytic degradation. Generally speaking, these probes are quenched in their native state-e.g., by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-and dequenched after cleavage or hybridization, which is associated with a strong fluorescence signal increase. Different strategies of fluorescence signal amplification ranging from large and small protease-sensing molecules to oligonucleotide-sensing and nanoparticle-based probes are presented in this chapter.
分子成像需要在感兴趣的目标处获得尽可能高的信噪比（SNR）。为了使光学成像技术的SNR最大化，人们已经开发了各种策略来设计可被激活的荧光探针，例如通过蛋白水解降解来激活。一般来说，这些探针在其天然状态下是淬灭的——例如通过荧光共振能量转移（FRET）——并且在切割或杂交后去淬灭，这伴随着强烈的荧光信号增加。本章介绍了从大小不同的蛋白酶传感分子到寡核苷酸传感和基于纳米颗粒的探针等不同的荧光信号放大策略。
