Akpan J O, Gingerich R L
Department of Pharmacology, University of Calabar, Nigeria.
Acta Diabetol Lat. 1991 Jan-Mar;28(1):29-37. doi: 10.1007/BF02732111.
An association of asymptomatic hyperglycemia with dietary cyanogens and socio-economic level was ascertained in 2,000 volunteers in rural communities in South-East Nigeria. The staples of the poor consisted of one or two bulky carbohydrate meals (derivatives of different species of cocoyam, cassava, yam and maize) eaten with vegetable soup in palm oil, melon seeds, snail, occasional meat and fish. The diet of the high income class included also beans, rice and more animal proteins. Alcohol (mainly palm wine) was consumed only occasionally. The subjects were divided into male and female and were age-matched into various age groups. Anthropometric data of each subject was obtained alongside the family history and socio-economic status. The subjects were further divided into low income vis-a-vis high income groups. All the subjects were normal volunteers, ambulatory, asymptomatic and free from chronic or acute illness. The fasting capillary whole blood glucose (FBG) and 2-h blood glucose following a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of each subject were measured. The body mass index (BMI) and dental caries scoring of each subject were also determined. The FBG levels and 2-h blood glucose following OGTT were significantly elevated in all subjects particularly in the low income groups except in the under 18-year group. The increases were observed in males and females although glucose levels were lower in the female age group. However, diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance according to WHO criteria was present in both income groups. The BMI increased as the age increased particularly in the low income groups. There was a strong relationship between age, FBG, IGT and dental caries, respectively in the population. It is concluded that there was strong relationship between poverty, asymptomatic hyperglycemia, and impaired glucose tolerance in the area where cyanogen in diet was higher while there was marginal animal protein in the diet of the poor.
在尼日利亚东南部农村社区的2000名志愿者中，确定了无症状高血糖与膳食氰化物及社会经济水平之间的关联。穷人的主食包括一两顿大量的碳水化合物餐（不同种类木薯、木薯、山药和玉米的衍生物），搭配棕榈油蔬菜汤、瓜子、蜗牛、偶尔的肉类和鱼类食用。高收入阶层的饮食还包括豆类、大米和更多的动物蛋白。酒精（主要是棕榈酒）只是偶尔饮用。受试者按性别分为男女，并按年龄匹配分为不同年龄组。在获取每个受试者的人体测量数据的同时，还了解了其家族病史和社会经济状况。受试者进一步分为低收入组和高收入组。所有受试者均为正常志愿者，能走动、无症状，无慢性或急性疾病。测量了每个受试者的空腹毛细血管全血葡萄糖（FBG）以及75克口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）后2小时的血糖。还测定了每个受试者的体重指数（BMI）和龋齿评分。所有受试者的FBG水平和OGTT后2小时血糖均显著升高，尤其是低收入组，但18岁以下组除外。男女均有升高，尽管女性年龄组的血糖水平较低。然而，根据世界卫生组织标准，两个收入组均存在糖耐量受损的诊断。BMI随着年龄的增加而增加，尤其是在低收入组。在该人群中，年龄、FBG、IGT和龋齿之间分别存在密切关系。得出的结论是，在饮食中氰化物含量较高而穷人饮食中动物蛋白含量较少的地区，贫困、无症状高血糖和糖耐量受损之间存在密切关系。
