Kusin J A, Kardjati S, De With C, Sudibia I K
Trop Geogr Med. 1979 Dec;31(4):571-85.
In the rural parts of nine regencies of the province of East Java Indonesia, in the dry seasons of 1975 and 1976 extensive nutrition surveys were carried out. So designated surplus, marginal and minus areas were included. Social and hygienic features of the household were recorded. The reproductive characteristics of the mother population were noted. Anthropometric data were collected. Their diet, including consumption frequency of staple and secondary foodstuffs, was registered by interview. Of a total of 3,828 mothers of children 0--15 years old 37% were lactating and 6.7% were pregnant. Of the latter some 10% were still nursing a child. The number of live children per family was rather small (2.0--3.4) and the percent of those who had died was high (10--31%). Average height of the mothers was 149 cm and weight 42 kg. A cross-sectional calculation of weight gain during pregnancy resulted in 5.0--7.4 kg. Lactating mothers showed a higher weight-height ratio than non-lactating or pregnant. Taking 90% of the Indonesian standard of weight-for-height as cut-off point for an acceptable nutritional status, 18--24% of the nonpregnant non-lactating, 13--35% of the lactating and 33--57% of the pregnant mothers fell below that standard. Considerable and rather unexpected differences existed between regencies. Low percentages of illiteracy and highest of child survival were found in an area designated as 'minus' for per capita income and food production. Only in Sidoarjo was rice the most frequently consumed staple food. In Trenggalek (south coast) and in Sampang (Madura) it was cassava. In Blitar (south coast) it was rice, maize and cassava mixed or varying according to season. In the remaining six regions a mixture of rice and maize was the common food.
在印度尼西亚东爪哇省九个摄政辖区的农村地区，于1975年和1976年旱季开展了广泛的营养调查。调查涵盖了指定的盈余、边缘和贫困地区。记录了家庭的社会和卫生特征。留意了母亲群体的生殖特征。收集了人体测量数据。通过访谈记录她们的饮食情况，包括主食和副食的消费频率。在总共3828名0至15岁孩子的母亲中，37%正在哺乳，6.7%怀有身孕。在后者中，约10%仍在哺乳。每个家庭的存活子女数量相当少（2.0至3.4个），死亡子女的比例很高（10%至31%）。母亲的平均身高为149厘米，体重42千克。对孕期体重增加进行的横断面计算结果为5.0至7.4千克。哺乳期母亲的体重身高比高于非哺乳期或孕期母亲。以印度尼西亚身高体重标准的90%作为可接受营养状况的临界点，18%至24%的非孕非哺乳期母亲、13%至35%的哺乳期母亲以及33%至57%的孕期母亲低于该标准。各摄政辖区之间存在显著且相当出人意料的差异。在一个人均收入和粮食生产被指定为“贫困”的地区，文盲率低且儿童存活率最高。仅在西多阿乔，大米是最常食用的主食。在特伦加莱克（南海岸）和桑庞（马都拉），主食是木薯。在勿里达（南海岸），主食是大米、玉米和木薯混合，或根据季节有所不同。在其余六个地区，大米和玉米的混合物是常见食物。
